CAS Number:

688-91-3

Chemical Formula:

C??H??O(C?H?O)?SO?Na (where n is the average number of ethoxy groups, typically 2 or 3)

EINECS/ELINCS No:

500-223-8

COSING REF No:

35926

Description:

odium Laureth Sulfate (SLES) is one of the most common anionic surfactants used globally in personal care and cleaning products. It is renowned for its powerful cleansing properties and excellent ability to produce a rich, stable, and copious lather, even in the presence of oils and in hard water. It is typically supplied as a viscous, clear to pale yellow aqueous solution, with a concentration of approximately 70% active matter being a standard industrial grade, alongside other common concentrations like 28%.

Uses:

It serves as a primary, cost-effective foaming and cleansing agent in a vast array of rinse-off formulations.

· Hair Care: The foundational surfactant in most shampoos, bath gels, and cleansing conditioners. It effectively removes dirt, sebum, and styling product buildup from hair and scalp.

· Skin Care: Extensively used in facial cleansers, shower gels, body washes, hand soaps, and shaving foams for its efficient oil-removing and foaming properties.

· Other Uses: A key ingredient in toothpastes (as a foaming agent) and many household cleaning products like dishwashing liquids and all-purpose cleaners.

Origin:

Sodium Laureth Sulfate is a semi-synthetic ingredient. It is manufactured through a chemical process that starts with lauryl alcohol (which can be derived from coconut or palm kernel oil). This alcohol undergoes ethoxylation (reaction with ethylene oxide) to form laureth alcohol, which is then sulfated (typically with sulfur trioxide) and neutralized with sodium hydroxide to form the final product.

What does SODIUM LAURETH SULFATE  do in a formulation?

Its core functions are:

• CLEANSING
• FOAMING
• SURFACTANT
• Emulsifying

Safety Profile:

Assessment: It is widely regarded as safe for use in rinse-off products at common use concentrations. The ethoxylation process makes it significantly milder and less irritating than its non-ethoxylated counterpart, Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (SLS). It is also considered non-comedogenic.

· Potential Concerns: As a detergent, it can cause skin dryness or irritation, especially for individuals with sensitive, dry, or eczema-prone skin if used at high concentrations or too frequently. It is not intended for leave-on products.

· Important Note on Impurities: The ethoxylation manufacturing process can leave trace amounts of 1,4-dioxane (a potential human carcinogen) as a by-product. Cosmetic-grade SLES is subject to strict purification (vacuum stripping) to reduce this contaminant to levels considered safe (typically below 10 ppm), as mandated by regulatory bodies.

Technical profile: (for ~70% Active Solution)

Property	Values
Appearance	Viscous, clear to pale yellow liquid
Active Matter	~70% ± 2% (Other common grade: 28%)
Ph (10% solution)	7.0 - 9.5
Solubility	Soluble in water
Viscosity	Very high. May require gentle warming and mixing for easier pumping and handling.
Density	~1.05 g/cm³ at 20°C
Cloud Point / Stability	May become cloudy or semi-solid in cold temperatures (below 15-20°C). Returns to liquid state with gentle warming and stirring.
Storage & Handling	Store in tightly sealed containers in a cool, dry place. Avoid prolonged storage at high temperatures (>40°C)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CAS Number:

27176-87-0 or 85536-14-7

Common Names:

Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonic Acid (LABSA), Dodecylbenzene Sulfonic Acid (DBSA, DDBSA).

Molecular Formula:

C18H30O3S 

Primary Functions in Formulation:

· Primary Surfactant: Provides excellent cleansing, wetting, and foaming power.

· Emulsifying & Dispersing Agent: Helps mix oils and water and disperse soils.

· Raw Material (Acid Form): Primarily used as an industrial intermediate to be neutralized into various detergent salts.

Main Applications and Uses:

Its core function is as the main raw material for manufacturing detergents and cleaners.

· Detergent & Cleaning Industry: The principal use is for making laundry powders/liquids, dishwashing liquids, and household/industrial cleaners.

· Personal Care: Used as a base material to produce surfactants for hair shampoos, bath shampoos, and body washes.

· Textile, Leather & Paper Processing: Employed as a scouring, wetting, dyeing assistant, and degreasing agent.

· Other Industrial Uses: Found in pesticide emulsifiers, paint dispersants, oilfield chemicals, and construction material cleaners.

 

 

Critical Safety and Handling Notes:

This material is a concentrated, corrosive strong acid and must be handled with extreme care.

· Hazards: Causes severe skin burns and eye damage.

· Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Mandatory use of chemical-resistant gloves, goggles, face shields, and aprons. Use in well-ventilated areas or with respiratory protection.

· Storage: Store in a cool, dry, ventilated area away from sunlight, bases, and oxidizers. Use corrosion-resistant, tightly sealed containers.

· Key Processing Step - Neutralization: In its raw acid form, it is not used directly in final cleaning products. It must be carefully neutralized (e.g., with sodium hydroxide, ammonia, or triethanolamine) to form milder, usable salts like Sodium Dodecylbenzene Sulfonate. This process is exothermic (releases heat).

Key Technical Specifications (for LABSA 96%):

The main quality parameters include:

Property	Values
Active Matter	≥ 96%
Free Oil	≤ 2.0%
Sulphate (as Na?SO?)	≤ 1.5%
Water Content	≤ 1.0%
Typical Purity / Active Matter	96% min (commercially standard)
Appearance	Brown, viscous sticky liquid
pH	)as is): Strong acid, typically 2-3
Storage & Handling	Store in tightly sealed containers in a cool, dry place. Avoid prolonged storage at high temperatures (>40°C)

 

 

In Summary:

· What it is: The 96% active Dodecylbenzene Sulfonic Acid (LABSA) is a corrosive, industrial surfactant intermediate.

· What it does: It provides powerful cleaning and foaming as the primary raw material for manufacturing most anionic detergent salts.

· How it's used: It is always neutralized in a controlled chemical process to create the final surfactants used in your shampoos, liquids, and powders

 

 

 

 

CAS Number:

61789-40-0

Chemical Formula:

C19H38N2O3 (for the main component, Lauramidopropyl Betaine)

EINECS/ELINCS No:

263-058-8

COSING REF No:

33494

Description:

Cocamidopropyl Betaine (CAPB) is a widely used amphoteric surfactant (zwitterionic) derived from coconut oil. It is highly valued in cosmetic formulations for its mildness, excellent foam-boosting properties, and ability to reduce the irritation potential of other surfactants, particularly anionics like Sodium Laureth Sulfate. It is most commonly supplied as a viscous, pale yellow aqueous solution with an active matter content of 28-30%, but is also available in other grades.

Uses:

CAPB is a versatile secondary surfactant used across rinse-off personal care products for its multifunctional benefits.

· Hair & Skin Cleansing: A staple in shampoos, shower gels, facial cleansers, and hand soaps. It effectively boosts and stabilizes lather, improves viscosity, and provides a mild, smooth feel during use.

· Conditioning & Antistatic: Used in conditioners and cleansing products to soften hair and reduce static.

· Household & Industrial: Found in dish liquids and all-purpose cleaners for its foaming and cleaning efficacy.

Origin:

CAPB is a semi-synthetic ingredient. It is produced industrially in a two-step synthesis: fatty acids from coconut oil (primarily lauric acid) are first condensed with dimethylaminopropylamine (DMAPA) to form an amide, which is then quaternized with chloroacetic acid.

What does COCAMIDOPROPYL BETAINE do in a formulation?

• Surfactant / Cleansing
• Foam Booster / Viscosity Modifier
• Anti-irritant / Mildness Enhancer (for other surfactants)
• Conditioning / Antistatic Agent

 

Safety Profile:

· General Assessment: Considered safe for use in cosmetics. A 2024 safety assessment concluded that its use in rinse-off products at up to 30% concentration and in leave-on products at up to 6% is safe, with a sufficient margin of safety.

· Primary Safety Concern – Impurities: The main risk of skin sensitization and allergic contact dermatitis is linked to residual manufacturing impurities, specifically amidoamine (AA) and dimethylaminopropylamine (DMAPA). High-purity grades with controlled impurity levels are less likely to cause reactions.

· Irritation Potential: In its raw, concentrated form, it can cause skin and eye irritation. Properly formulated into final products at typical use levels, it is known for its mildness.

Technical profile: (for 28-30% Active Aqueous Solution)

Property	Values
Appearance	Viscous, clear to pale yellow liquid
Active Matter	28-30% (Commercial grades also commonly available at ~35%)
pH (as supplied)	Typically close to neutral
Density	1.05 g/cm³ at 20°C
Typical Use Concentration in Final Formulas	2.5% - 5.0% (as a secondary surfactant/foam booster)
Solubility	Readily soluble in water
Viscosity	< 100 cP at 30°C (for 30% active solution)

 

 

 

 

CAS Number:

61789-40-0

INCI Name:

Cocamidopropyl Betaine

Main Component:

 Lauramidopropyl Betaine

Chemical Formula:

C19H38N2O3

EINECS / ELINCS:

 263-058-8

COSING Ref. No.:

 33494

 

Description:

Cocamidopropyl Betaine (CAPB) is an amphoteric (zwitterionic) surfactant derived from coconut fatty acids.

The 45% active grade is a high-concentration aqueous solution, designed to provide improved formulation efficiency, reduced water load, and enhanced performance in surfactant systems.

It is especially valued for its exceptional mildness, strong foam-boosting and foam-stabilizing properties, and its ability to reduce the irritation potential of primary surfactants, particularly anionic systems.

Uses:

Cocamidopropyl Betaine 45% Active provides multiple formulation benefits:

Surfactant / Cleansing agent

Foam booster and foam stabilizer

Viscosity modifier in surfactant systems

Mildness enhancer / irritation reducer

Conditioning and antistatic agent

Applications

Used primarily in rinse-off products, including:

Shampoos

Shower gels and bath products

Facial cleansers

Hand soaps

Liquid soaps

Mild household and institutional cleaners

 

Safety Profile:

General status: Considered safe for cosmetic use when properly formulated.

Typical regulatory position:

Approved for use in both rinse-off and leave-on products within established concentration limits.

Irritation & sensitization:

Potential skin sensitization is mainly associated with residual impurities (amidoamine and DMAPA).

High-purity grades with controlled impurity levels significantly reduce this risk.

Raw material handling:

Concentrated material may cause eye or skin irritation; appropriate handling and dilution are required.

Technical profile: CAPB 45% Active (Aqueous Solution)

Property	Values
Appearance	Viscous, clear to pale yellow liquid
Active Matter	~45%
pH (as supplied)	Typically 5.5 – 7.5
Ionic Character	Amphoteric (zwitterionic)
Density	~1.08 – 1.12 g/cm³
Typical Use Concentration in Final Formulas	2.5% - 5.0% (as a secondary surfactant/foam booster)
Solubility	Readily soluble in water
Viscosity	Higher than 30% grade (product-dependent)
Recommended Use Level	1.5% – 4.0% in final formulations (as secondary surfactant)

 

Formulation Notes:

Compatible with anionic, nonionic, and cationic surfactants

Performs well over a wide pH range

Contributes to improved clarity and foam quality

High-active grade allows lower transport and storage costs

Summary:

Cocamidopropyl Betaine (45% Active) is a high-performance amphoteric surfactant offering excellent foam enhancement, mild cleansing, viscosity support, and conditioning effects. Its higher active content makes it particularly suitable for concentrated and cost-optimized formulations in personal care and cleansing products.

 

 

CAS Number:

68155-09-9

Chemical Formula:

RCONH(CH2)3N(CH3)2O (where RCO- represents coconut fatty acids)

EINECS / ELINCS:

268-938-5

COSING REF No:

75246

Description:

Cocamidopropylamine Oxide is a mild amphoteric surfactant and tertiary amine oxide valued for its dual role as a cleansing and conditioning agent. It enhances foam, improves formula mildness, and helps build viscosity, making it an excellent co-surfactant in personal care formulations. It is typically supplied as a pale yellow to colorless liquid soluble in water.

Uses:

This ingredient is a common component in cosmetics and personal care products, found in cleansing gels, shampoos, and makeup removers.

· Skin Care: Acts as a surfactant that reduces surface tension for a more stable product. It mixes well with oil and water for effective cleansing.

· Hair Care: Cleans hair shafts, promotes product spreadability, and provides conditioning properties that leave hair shiny and smooth.

· Cosmetic Products: Acts as a conditioning agent that adds hydration and prevents products from drying out.

Origin:

Cocamidopropylamine Oxide is semi-synthetic, produced from coconut oil. The oil is reacted with dimethylaminopropylamine and then with hydrogen peroxide to form the final tertiary amine oxide compound.

What does COCAMIDOPROPYLAMINE OXIDE do in a formulation?

Its primary functions are:

• Cleansing
• Foam Boosting
• Hair Conditioning
• Skin Conditioning
• Surfactant

Safety Profile:

· General Assessment: A safety review concluded it is safe as used in rinse-off products. It is considered to have low toxicity.

· Use Concentration: Recommended safe for use at concentrations between 0.07% and 4.0% in cosmetic formulations. Use higher than this range can cause allergy and irritation.

· Irritation Potential: A 5% solution was not a primary dermal irritant in tests, but the concentrated raw material (81.5%) caused moderate skin and severe eye irritation in animal studies. It was not a sensitizer in clinical testing.

· Important Note: A patch test is recommended prior to full usage, especially for those with highly sensitive skin.

Technical profile :

Property	Values
Appearance	Pale yellow to colorless liquid
Active Matter	Often supplied as a 30% active solution (e.g., CAO-30)
Solubility	Soluble in water
Boiling Point	~151°C
pH	6.0 - 8.0
Assay/Purity	Typically 95-100%

 

 

 

CAS Number:

39354-45-5

Chemical Type:

Sulfosuccinate ester

EINECS / ELINCS:

 254-391-3

COSING Ref. No.:

 33704

Ionic Character:

Anionic

 

Description:

Disodium Laureth Sulfosuccinate is a mild anionic surfactant widely used in cosmetic and personal care formulations.

It is known for its excellent cleansing ability combined with low irritation potential, making it especially suitable for gentle and sensitive-skin products.

The 30% active grade is supplied as an aqueous solution, offering good handling properties, formulation flexibility, and ease of incorporation into surfactant systems.

Functions in Cosmetic Formulations:

This ingredient provides multiple functional benefits:

Primary cleansing surfactant

Foam producer with creamy lather

Mildness enhancer

Good skin compatibility

Suitable for sensitive formulations

Applications

Commonly used in rinse-off personal care products, including:

Shampoos

Baby shampoos

Facial cleansers

Body washes and shower gels

Hand soaps

Syndet and sulfate-free cleansing systems

Origin:

Disodium Laureth Sulfosuccinate is a synthetic surfactant produced by the esterification of ethoxylated fatty alcohols followed by sulfonation and neutralization with sodium salts.

The resulting molecule combines efficient cleansing performance with enhanced mildness compared to conventional sulfated surfactants.

Safety Profile:

General status: Considered safe for cosmetic use

Skin compatibility: Very mild, suitable for sensitive skin and baby products

Eye irritation: Significantly lower than traditional anionic surfactants

Formulation safety: Well tolerated when used at recommended levels

Technical – Disodium Laureth Sulfosuccinate 30% Active:

Property	Values
Appearance	Clear to slightly hazy liquid
Color	Colorless to pale yellow
Active Matter	~30%
Ionic Nature	Anionic
pH (as supplied)	Typically 5.5 – 7.5
Density (20 °C)	~1.05 g/cm³
Solubility	Readily soluble in water
Viscosity	Low to medium (grade dependent)
Typical Use Level	3% – 10% in final formulations

 

Formulation Notes:

Compatible with amphoteric and nonionic surfactants

Produces dense, creamy foam

Performs well in low-irritation and sulfate-free systems

Maintains stability across a broad pH range

Summary:

Disodium Laureth Sulfosuccinate (30% Active) is a mild anionic surfactant offering effective cleansing, creamy foam, and excellent skin tolerance. It is particularly suited for gentle, sulfate-free, and sensitive-skin cleansing formulations, while maintaining good formulation stability and performance.

 

CAS Number:

66105-29-1, 68201-46-7

Chemical Classification:

Ethoxylated glyceride (PEG ester of coconut oil)

INCI Name:

PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate

 

Description:

PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate is a multi-functional ingredient used as an emulsifier,emollient, and surfactant. It is valued for its ability to combine oil and water, improve product texture, and provide a soft, non-greasy feel to skin and hair.

Uses:

This versatile ingredient is commonly used in a wide range of personal care products for its dual cleansing and conditioning properties.

· Hair Care: Found in shampoos and conditioners, it helps emulsify and remove oil and dirt while treating dry, coarse hair.

· Skin Care: Used in liquid soaps, shower gels, and moisturizing creams. It helps restore the skin's natural barrier, imparting softness and a radiant glow without a greasy residue.

· Product Function: Improves the consistency and provides the desired thickening for products. It stabilizes formulations by blending oily and aqueous components together.

Origin:

PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate is a synthetic polymer. It is produced through the ethoxylation reaction of polyethylene glycol (PEG) with fatty acids derived from coconut oil or palm kernel oil.

What does PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate do in a formulation?

Its primary functions are:

• Emollient
• Emulsifying
• Surfactant

Safety Profile:

· Safe Use: Considered safe for use in rinse-off products like cleansers and shampoos. It can be used in leave-on skin care products at concentrations up to 10%.

· Key Considerations: The main safety concern stems from its manufacturing process. Ethoxylation can potentially lead to contamination with 1,4-dioxane, a probable carcinogen. This risk is mitigated by purification steps before the ingredient is added to formulations.

· Comedogenicity: Rated as non-comedogenic (does not clog pores or cause acne).

 

Technical profile:

Property	Values
Appearance	Light yellow oil with a characteristic odor
Ph	5.0 - 8.0
Solubility	Soluble in water
Viscosity	Low

 

Summary:

PEG-7 Glyceryl Cocoate is a gentle coconut-derived emulsifier and emollient widely used in shampoos, liquid cleansers, and moisturizing creams. Its key advantages are its ability to stabilize emulsions and moisturize the skin, with necessary attention to its purity from manufacturing by-products.

 

 

 

Description:

Primary Function: Pearling Agent (provides an opaque, pearlescent luster to liquid products)

Other Functions:Surfactant, Emulsifier, Stabilizer

Uses:

It is used to create an opaque, pearlescent sheen in rinse-off personal care products.

· Personal Care: Primarily added to shampoos, liquid soaps, shower gels, and creams/lotions.

· Household Cleaning: Can be used as a softening agent in laundry liquids.

Origin:

It is a formulated blend, typically based on components like Ethylene Glycol Distearate (EGDS) and surfactants such as Ammonium Laureth Sulfate (AES) to create stable pearlescence.

What does Pearlescent Paste do in a formulation?

Its primary function is to act as a pearling agent. Secondary functions include:

• Surfactant
• Emulsifier
• Stabilizer

Safety & Handling:

· Processing: Designed for easy use; it is a pourable/pumpable fluid that can be mixed into formulations at room temperature without heating.

· Packing: Commonly supplied in large industrial quantities (e.g., 463 lb / ~210 kg drums).

 

Technical Profile & Usage:

· Typical Use Level: 4% to 8% in the final product is recommended to achieve an excellent pearly appearance.

· Key Benefit: Provides viscosity and a stable, luxurious pearlescent effect in cleansing formulations.

Summary:

Pearlescent Paste is a pre-blended pearling agent used to impart a stable, pearly luster and opacity to shampoos, shower gels, and liquid soaps. It is valued for its ease of use (no heating required) and effectiveness at low usage levels.

 

 

 

CAS Number:

13197-76-7

Chemical Name:

Dodecyl(2-Hydroxy-3-Sulphonatopropyl)Dimethylammonium

EINECS / ELINCS:

:236-164-7

Molecular Formula:

 C17H37NO4S

Molecular Weight:

351.55 g/mol

 

Description:

Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is a mild amphoteric surfactant widely valued in cosmetic formulations for its exceptional foam-boosting, thickening, and conditioning properties. Known for its stability across a wide pH range and tolerance to hard water, it is a popular choice in "gentle" or "sulfate-free" cleansing systems, often used alongside other mild surfactants like Cocamidopropyl Betaine.

Uses:

It is a versatile surfactant used primarily in rinse-off personal care products for its mildness and multifunctional benefits.

· Hair Care: A key ingredient in shampoos, conditioners, and cleansing conditioners. It provides rich lather, detangles hair, reduces frizz and static, and adds softness and shine. It is particularly noted for being gentle enough for curly hair regimens.

· Skin Care: Found in body washes, facial cleansers, shower gels, and liquid soaps. It cleanses effectively without stripping the skin's natural moisture, leaving a soft, non-tight feeling.

· Industrial & Household: Used in car wash shampoos, hard surface cleaners, textile processing, and oilfield chemicals for its foaming and cleaning efficiency.

 

Origin:

Lauryl Hydroxysultaine is a synthetic ingredient. It is produced by the quaternization of lauryl dimethylamine with a reagent like sodium 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropanesulfonate.

What does LAURYL HYDROXYSULTAINE do in a formulation?

Its primary functions, as defined by INCI, are:

• Surfactant / Cleansing
• Foam Boosting
• Viscosity Controlling / Thickening
• Hair Conditioning
• Skin Conditioning
• Antistatic

Safety Profile:

General Assessment: Considered a safe, low-risk cosmetic ingredient for topical use. It is biodegradable.

· Irritation Studies: Safety tests indicate it was slightly irritating to rabbit skin at concentrations up to 32%. In human repeat insult patch tests (HRIPT), it did not cause irritation or sensitization at 12% (solution) and 4% (solids), respectively.

· Typical Use Concentration: Commonly used in final cosmetic formulations at concentrations up to 10%. Experts recommend a patch test for individuals with sensitive skin.

Technical profile:

Property	Values
Appearance	Not specified in results; typically a clear to pale yellow viscous liquid
Active Matter	Available in various grades, including 30% and 99% active solutions
Boiling Point	~350 °C
Density	~1.1 g/cm³ at 20°C
Water Solubility	680 g/L at 20°C
pH Stability	Stable across a wide pH range

 

 

 

CAS Number:

137-16-6

Chemical Formula:

C15H28NO3Na

EINECS / ELINCS:

 205-281-5 / 271-657-0

COSING Ref. No.:

 37941

 

Description:

Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate (INCI) is a mild, biodegradable anionic surfactant derived from sarcosine (an amino acid) and lauric acid. Its 30% active solution is a commonly supplied, easy-to-use liquid form. It is highly valued in cosmetic formulations for its gentle cleansing, excellent foaming, and conditioning properties, offering a skin-friendly alternative to harsher surfactants. The typical commercial concentration is 29-31% in aqueous solution .

Uses:

It is a versatile, mild surfactant used primarily in rinse-off personal care products and some household applications.

 

· Hair Care: A staple in shampoos and conditioners. It cleanses effectively without excessive stripping, and enhances hair by improving body, suppleness, and sheen—particularly beneficial for chemically damaged hair.

· Skin Care: Found in facial cleansers, body washes, hand soaps, and shaving foams. It provides a rich, stable lather and mild degreasing action, leaving skin clean and soft.

· Oral Care: Used in toothpastes as a gentle foaming and cleansing agent.

· Other Uses: Incorporated into household and industrial detergents, including vehicle cleaning products.

Origin:

It is a semi-synthetic ingredient derived from natural raw materials. It is produced by the reaction of lauric acid (commonly sourced from coconut or palm kernel oil) with sarcosine (an amino acid), followed by neutralization to form the sodium salt.

What does Sodium Lauroyl Sarcosinate do in a formulation?

Its primary functions are:

• Surfactant / Cleansing
• Foaming
• Hair Conditioning / Antistatic
• Skin Conditioning
• Emulsifying
• Viscosity Controlling

Safety Profile:

General Assessment: Considered safe for cosmetic use. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel concluded it is safe in rinse-off products and safe in leave-on products at concentrations up to 5%. It is often recommended for children's skincare products due to its mildness.

· Key Safety Notes:

  · The CIR review noted data is insufficient to support safety in products likely to be inhaled.

  · The ingredient may be susceptible to nitrosamine formation and should not be used in cosmetics where N-nitroso compounds may form.

  · In its raw, concentrated powder form, it may be classified as an irritant and toxic if inhaled.

Technical profile (for ~30% Active Aqueous Solution):

Property	Values
Appearance	Transparent,colorless to light yellow liquid
Assay (Active Matter)	29%- 31%
pH (25°C)	9.0- 10.0 (solution) 7.0 - 9.0 (1M in water for pure compound)
Viscosity	≤30 mPa·s
Solubility	Readily soluble in water
Typical Use in Final Formulas	1%- 5% (as a secondary or primary surfactant)
Density	~1.03- 1.05 g/cm³ at 20°C

 

 

 

 

Typical properties:

Description

CLIMCO LAO 30 is a kind of surfactant with excellent performance; It can be widely used with cationic, anionic and nonionic surfactants to improve the product's comprehensive performance significantly. It has good conditioning and antistatic effect. Under normal dosage, It is very mild with hair and skin. also can reduce the irritation of other surfactants. It can make shampoos which is made from common raw materials produce dense creamy foam, and also has efficient thickening and foam stabilization. This product is especially suitable for making shampoo, facial cleanser, baby shower gel, dishwashing detergent and other products.

 

Properties

1. Mild amphoteric surfactant, favorable compatibility with other anionic, cationic or nonionic surfactants.
2. Mild to skin and hair, effectively reduce irritation caused by other surfactants.
3. Boost foam ability, generate fine, rich and creamy foam.
4. Excellent thickening property especially to anionic surfactant of specific ratio.
5. Good conditioner with favorable antistatic property.

Application

1. Hand soap, body wash
2. Shampoo
3. Foam shaving product
4. Facial cleanser
5. Baby product
6. Tableware detergent and other hard surface detergent

Dosage

3.0-30.0%

 

Usage

Add after other surfactants dissolved, then adjust pH and viscosity.

 

Storage & Handling

Standard packing: 200kg/drum or 1000kg/IBC

Storage: Keep in Cool, Dry, Ventilated and Lightless Place.

 

 

cas:1643-20-5

Physical Properties:

 

Performance and Application

It can be used in dish washing detergent, shampoo, liquid detergent and solvent formula, play a part as increasing foam and foam stable, improve compatibility of thickening agent and stability of products.


 

 

Dosage

3.0~20.0%.

 

 

Package and storage

Package:

200kg plastic drum, 16MT in 20’FCL

1000kg IBC, 20MT in 20’FCL

Storage: Keep in dry and cool conditions, Resist freezing and light.

Period of validity: 1 year (5-35?)

CAS Number:

68650-39-5

Chemical Formula:

RCONH(CH2)5ON(COO)2Na2

EINECS/ELINCS No:

272-043-5

COSING REF No:

75824

 

Description:

Disodium Cocoamphodiacetate is a mild,amphoteric surfactant derived from coconut. It is characterized by its light color, low viscosity, high foamability, and low irritation potential.

Uses:

It is widely used as a primary or secondary surfactant in mild,rinse-off personal care products.

· Skin Care: Used in facial cleansers, body washes, acne treatments, exfoliants, mascara, and eye makeup removers.

· Hair Care: Used in shampoos (including baby shampoo), hair masks, and conditioners. It helps improve the look and feel of dry or damaged hair by restoring body, suppleness, and sheen.

Origin:

Disodium Cocoamphodiacetate is derived from coconut oil.

What does DISODIUM COCOAMPHODIACETATE do in a formulation?

Its primary functions are:

• Cleansing
• Foam Boosting
• Foaming
• Hair Conditioning
• Surfactant

Safety Profile:

· General Assessment: It is a non-irritating ingredient ideal for delicate skin types.

· Safety Guidelines: The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel has assessed this ingredient and found it to be safe, non-toxic, and non-irritating.

 

Technical profile:

Property	Values
Appearance	Typically a clear to pale yellow viscous liquid
Ph	8.0
Solubility	Soluble in water
Boiling Point	100°C
Melting Point	-12°C
Key Characteristics	Mild, high foamability, high thickening ability, and conditioning properties

 

 

 

 

CAS Number:

61791-42-2

Chemical Formula:

Varies (derived from coconut fatty acids and N-methyltaurine)

EINECS / ELINCS:

263-174-9

COSING REF No:

79777

Description:

Sodium Cocoyl Methyl Taurate is a mild, biodegradable anionic surfactant used as a gentle cleansing and foaming agent. It is prized in sulfate-free formulations and is suitable for sensitive skin and baby care products.

Uses:

It serves as a primary gentle surfactant in rinse-off personal care products.

· Skin Care: Used in face washes, body washes, and anti-acne products. It cleanses without stripping the skin's natural pH, leaving a soft feel, and is recommended even for conditions like rosacea.

· Hair Care: A key ingredient in sulfate-free, medicated, and anti-dandruff shampoos. It provides high, mild foam that is gentle on the scalp.

· Other Uses: Found in toothpaste and various hygiene products.

Origin:

It is a semi-synthetic ingredient. It is manufactured by reacting coconut fatty acids with taurine or N-methyltaurine. One common method involves heating coconut acid with sodium methyl taurate and boric acid at high temperature, followed by drying to form a white powder or paste.

What does SODIUM COCOYL METHYL TAURATE do in a formulation?

Its primary functions are:

• Cleansing
• Foaming
• Surfactant

Safety Profile:

· General Assessment: Verified to be of low concern and safe for cosmetic use. It is considered a non-irritant and is recommended for sensitive skin.

· Safety Guidelines: The Cosmetics Ingredient Review (CIR) deems it safe when formulated to be non-irritating, with a typical use concentration in skincare products between 1-5% and safe for use up to 10%.

· Certifications: Complies with international cosmetic ingredient standards and is accepted by Whole Foods' body care quality standards.

Technical profile :

Property	Values
Appearance	White powder or soft white paste
Active Matter	Often supplied as aqueous solutions (e.g., ~30% active)
Solubility	Soluble in water
Boiling Point	~266.4°C at 760 mmHg
Key Characteristics	Hypoallergenic, excellent foaming ability, stable in low pH conditions, and helps prevent skin and hair from drying out

 

 

 

CAS Number:

32612-48-9

INCI: 

AMMONIUM LAURETH SULFATE

Product Type:

Functional Ingredients

SPECIFICATION:

ITEM	SPECIFICATION
Odor	Characteristic, faint
Usage Level	5-30%
Color	White to yellowish
Appearance	Paste

 

 

Description:

Ammonium Laureth Sulfate. Ammonium Lauryl Ether Sulfate (ALES or AESA) 70% by Ronas Chemicals acts as a foaming agent. It exhibits excellent decontamination, high biodegradable ability and good resistance to hard water. It still retains high lathering power even there is large amount of dirt in hard water.
 

• With rich and fine foam, it endows hair the feeling of tenderness and easiness for combing.
• It provides skin smoothness as well as comfortable feeling.
• Ammonium Lauryl Ether Sulfate (ALES or AESA) 70% is widely used in high-grade shampoo, gel and weak acid shampoo and bubble bath etc.

Benefits:

• Foam Quality
• Smoothness
• Foam Booster

 

Applications:

Shampoos

 

Application formats:

Foam

 

Other properties:

Properties	Value & unit	Test condition
Active Content	68 - 72 %	-
Ammonium Chloride Content	< 0.3 %	-
Ammonium Sulfate Content	< 1.5 %	-
Color	< 10	5% Aqueous Solution
Unsulfated Matter Content	< 3 %	-
pH	5.5 - 7	At 25 °C. 1% Aqueous Solution

 

 

CAS Number:

112-02-7

Chemical / INCI Name:

Cetrimonium Chloride

Molecular Formula:

C19H42ClN

Molecular Weight:

320.0 g/mol

Other Names:

Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Chloride (CTAC), Hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, N,N,N-Trimethyl-1-hexadecanaminium chloride

Uses:

A quaternary ammonium compound (a "quat") that is one of the most widely used cationic surfactants in personal care. Its positive charge allows it to bind to negatively charged hair and skin, providing superior conditioning effects. It is also used as a topical antiseptic and preservative .

 

· Hair Care: The primary use is as a powerful conditioning agent in shampoos, rinse-off conditioners, and leave-in treatments. It provides excellent wet and dry combing, reduces static electricity (anti-frizz), and imparts a soft, silky feel .

· Skin Care & Cosmetics: Used in creams, lotions, and shaving products as an emulsifier and to provide a smooth after-feel .

· Pharmaceuticals: Functions as a topical antiseptic in certain medical preparations .

Origin:

It is a semi-synthetic compound manufactured through chemical reactions, typically by reacting n-hexadecylamine with methyl chloride or via the reaction of n-hexadecylchloride with trimethylamine .

What does Cetrimonium Chloride do in a formulation?

Its primary functions are:

• Antistatic Agent: Reduces static electricity by neutralizing the negative charge on hair .

• Hair Conditioning Agent: Provides slip, detangling, and softness .

• Surfactant (Cationic) and Emulsifying Agent: Helps stabilize emulsions and mix oil and water .

• Preservative: Exhibits antimicrobial properties, inhibiting the growth of microorganisms .

Safety Profile:

· Safety Assessment: The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel has concluded that Cetrimonium Chloride is safe for use in cosmetics at concentrations up to 0.25% in leave-on products and higher in rinse-off products, provided formulations are non-irritating .

· Irritation Potential: In its concentrated form, it is a known irritant. GHS classifications include H315 (Causes skin irritation) and H318 (Causes serious eye damage) . However, finished products are formulated to be safe.

· Toxicity: Harmful if swallowed (H302) in its concentrated form .

· Environmental Hazard: Very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects (H400/H410) .

Technical profile:

Property	Values
Appearance	Clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid
Odor	Characteristic, mild (may resemble rubbing alcohol)
Active Content	Typically 29-31% or 50-52%
pH (1% solution)	5.0 - 8.0
Solubility	Soluble in water
Flash Point (for solutions in alcohol)	69°F (21°C) - Highly Flammable . Note: Aqueous solutions are not flammable
Density	~0.9 g/cm³ (for liquid forms)
Recommended Use Level	1 - 5% in rinse-off hair products

 

 

 

 

 

CAS Number:

61789-32-0 / 58969-27-0

Chemical Formula:

C18H35NaO3S (represents common fatty acid chain)

EINECS/ELINCS No:

263-052-5

COSING REF No:

79383

Description:

Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate is a mild,naturally-derived anionic surfactant, commonly known as "Baby Foam" for its exceptional gentleness. It creates a rich, creamy foam and is a cornerstone ingredient in sulfate-free personal care formulations.

Uses:

It serves as a gentle primary cleansing and foaming agent in a wide range of products, especially those formulated for sensitive skin or as sulfate-free alternatives.

· Skin & Body Care: Ideal for facial cleansers, body washes, and bar soaps. It cleanses effectively without stripping the skin's natural moisture, making it suitable for sensitive, dry, or acne-prone skin.

· Hair Care: A key ingredient in sulfate-free shampoos (liquid and solid bars). It provides a rich, creamy lather that cleanses the scalp and hair thoroughly without causing dryness.

· Product Form: Most commonly supplied as a fine white powder, granules, or flakes.

Origin:

Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate is a semi-synthetic ingredient. It is manufactured by reacting the fatty acids from coconut oil with sodium isethionate.

What does SODIUM COCOYL ISETHIONATE in a formulation?

Its primary functions are:

• Cleansing
• Surfactant

Additional Key Benefits:

· Moisturizing: Leaves skin and hair feeling soft and hydrated, not tight.

· Foam Quality: Produces a stable, rich, and velvety lather.

· Hard Water Stability: Performs well in both hard and soft water.

· Biodegradable: Derived from coconut oil, it is readily biodegradable.

Safety Profile:

· General Assessment: The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel has concluded it is safe for use in cosmetics.

· Safety Guidelines: Deemed safe at concentrations up to 50% in rinse-off products and up to 17% in leave-on products.

· Skin Compatibility: Considered non-comedogenic (does not clog pores) and is very well-tolerated, making it suitable for sensitive skin and baby care products.

· Important Note: Like other surfactants, it may cause ocular irritation.

Technical Profile:

Below are its key technical characteristics:

Property	Values
Melting Point	191-194°C
Ph	6.0-8.0
Solubility	Soluble in water

 

Summary:

Sodium Cocoyl Isethionate is a gentle, coconut-derived surfactant that is a gold standard for sulfate-free, mild cleansing. Its key strengths are its rich, creamy foam, moisturizing after-feel, and excellent safety profile for sensitive skin. It is highly versatile in both liquid and solid product formulations.

 

 

CAS Number:

68584-18-9

Chemical  Name:

Sodium Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Sulfonate. Commonly abbreviated as MES.

Molecular Formula:

A common structure is C17H33NaO4S (e.g., sodium methyl palmitate sulfonate). MES is a mixture, and the alkyl chain length depends on the source oil (typically C14-C18)

Molecular Weight:

Approximately 372.5 g/mol (for C16)

Common Form:

Light yellow to beige flakes, granules, or powder

Uses:

MES is primarily used as a main surfactant in detergents, excelling particularly in phosphate-free or low-phosphate formulations and applications requiring high performance in hard water.

 

Primary Application Areas:

 

· Laundry Detergents & Dishwashing Liquids: Used as a core surfactant or in combination with Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate (LAS) in the production of laundry powders, liquids, and dishwashing detergents.

· Composite Soaps & Soap Powders: Used in the manufacture of composite soaps with enhanced detergency and hard water resistance.

· Personal Cleansing Products: Used in small amounts in some body washes and facial cleansers for mild cleansing.

· Industrial & Household Cleaners: Used in various hard surface cleaners.

What does MES do in a formulation?

• Primary Surfactant: Provides excellent detergency, emulsification, foaming, and wetting power.
• Hard Water Resistance: Core advantage. Exhibits very high tolerance to calcium and magnesium ions (more than 10 times that of traditional LAS), maintains detergency in hard water, and resists scum formation.
• Good Synergy with Builders: Works well with phosphate-free builders like zeolites and sodium carbonate, making it suitable for eco-friendly formulations.
• Compatibility with Enzymes: Good stability in enzyme-containing detergent formulations.
• Environmentally Friendly: Derived from renewable oils and fats, with excellent biodegradability (>98%).

Safety Profile:

· Hazard Classification: Generally considered low toxicity and low irritation. Not classified as highly toxic or strongly corrosive.

· Toxicological Data: Low oral toxicity (rat oral LD?? > 2000 mg/kg). Skin and eye irritation are mild to moderate.

· Ecotoxicity: Good biodegradability, not prone to accumulation in the environment. Toxicity to aquatic organisms is low to moderate.

· Required PPE: When handling powder, wearing a dust mask, safety glasses, and gloves is recommended to prevent inhalation and contact.

· Stability Note: Unstable under strong acidic conditions (pH < 4), hydrolyzing to the parent sulfonic acid and methanol. Store in a cool, dry place away from strong oxidizing agents.

Technical profile:

Property	Values
Appearance	Light yellow to beige flakes, granules, or powder
Active Matter Content	Typically available in specifications like 70%, 80%, 92%, 96%, with the remainder mainly water and inorganic salts (e.g., sodium sulfate)
pH (1% aqueous solution)	7.0 - 9.0
Solubility	Soluble in hot water, less soluble in cold water but with good dispersibility
Melting Point	No definite melting point; decomposes upon heating
Key Performance Indicators	· Sulfonation Rate: ≥ 96% (measures reaction completeness).   · Disodium Salt Content: ≤ 1.0% (a key byproduct affecting solubility).   · Unsulfonated Ester Content: ≤ 1.5%. · Surface Tension (0.1% solution): Approximately 30-35 mN/m. · Wetting Power (0.1% solution, Draves test): Approximately 10-15 seconds.

 

 

 

 

CAS Number:

151-21-3

Chemical  / INCI Name:

Sodium Lauryl Sulfate (Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate)

Molecular Formula:

C12H25NaO4S

Molecular Weight:

288.38 g/mol

Common Form:

White or off-white needle-shaped crystals or coarse granules

Uses:

SLS Needles are used for the same primary applications as the powder form, serving as a high-foaming anionic surfactant. The needle/granular form is specifically chosen for its advantageous physical handling and processing properties in industrial manufacturing.

 

Primary Applications:

 

· Industrial Manufacturing of Personal Care & Detergents: The preferred form for large-scale production of shampoos, shower gels, toothpastes, and powdered detergents due to better flowability and reduced dust.

· Household & Industrial Cleaners: Used in the formulation of powdered and tabletized cleaning products where low dust and easy blending are critical.

· Chemical Synthesis & Laboratory: As a standard reagent and protein denaturant, where the crystalline form may offer benefits in precise weighing and stability.

What does SLS Needles  do in a formulation?

• Core Function: Acts as the primary surfactant, foaming agent, and emulsifier, identical to the powder form.
• Form-Specific Advantages of Needles/Granules:

· Excellent Flowability: The granular form flows freely, preventing clogging in pneumatic conveying systems and automated feeding equipment.

· Low Dust Generation: Significantly reduces airborne dust compared to fine powders, improving workplace safety (reduced inhalation risk) and minimizing product loss.

· Ease of Handling & Dosing: Easier to weigh and handle manually or automatically in batch processes due to reduced static and caking.

· Improved Solubility Rate: The crystalline structure can sometimes offer a controlled, rapid dissolution in water.

 

Safety Profile:

The safety profile is identical to SLS powder as it is the same chemical compound.

· Hazard Classification: Danger. Causes skin irritation, serious eye damage, and may cause respiratory irritation.

· Handling: Despite lower dust, always use in a well-ventilated area. Wear protective gloves, safety goggles, and consider a dust mask during large-scale handling.

· Storage: Store in a tightly closed container in a cool, dry place. Keep away from strong oxidizers.

Technical profile:

Property	Values
Appearance	White or off-white needle crystals or free-flowing granules
Active Matter (Assay)	Typically very high, often ≥ 90% or ≥ 98.5%
Bulk Density	Higher than powder, usually in the range of 0.5 - 0.7 g/cm³, contributing to better flow.
Solubility	Highly soluble in water (solubility identical to powder form)
pH (10% solution)	Typically 7.0 - 9.5
Key Physical Differentiator	Particle Size and Shape. The particles are larger (e.g., 20-80 mesh or 0.2-1.0 mm) and acicular (needle-like) or granular, as opposed to a fine powder.

 

 

 

 

CAS Number:

25322-68-3 (covers the PEG polymer series; specific grades like PEG 400 are often referenced by this number)

Chemical Name: 

Polyethylene Glycol (Average Molecular Weight 400). Also known as Macrogol 400

Molecular Formula:

H(OCH2CH2)nOH, where n averages 8-9 for PEG 400

Molecular Weight:

380 - 420 g/mol

Common Form:

Clear, colorless or slightly yellow, viscous, hygroscopic liquid. Odorless or with a faint, characteristic odor

Uses:

PEG 400 is prized for its excellent solvent properties, miscibility with water and many organics, low toxicity, and humectancy.

 

Primary Applications:

 

· Pharmaceuticals: A versatile solvent, co-solvent, and liquid vehicle for oral, topical, and parenteral (injectable) formulations. Used in elixirs, soft gelatin capsules, ointments, and as a laxative.

· Cosmetics & Personal Care: Acts as a humectant, solvent, and viscosity modifier in creams, lotions, toothpastes, and deodorants. Helps carry active ingredients and retain moisture.

· Chemical & Industrial: Used as a plasticizer, lubricant, and reaction medium in chemical synthesis. Also found in inks, dyes, and as a hydraulic fluid.

· Food Industry: Occasionally used as a humectant, dispersant, or carrier for flavors and colors.

What does PEG 400 do in a formulation?

• Solvent & Co-solvent: Its core function. Dissolves a wide range of both hydrophilic and moderately lipophilic substances, improving the solubility and stability of active ingredients.
• Humectant: Attracts and retains moisture from the air, preventing formulations from drying out.
• Plasticizer & Viscosity Modifier: Softens and adds flexibility to films (e.g., in capsule shells) and adjusts the flow properties of liquids and creams.
• Vehicle & Carrier: Provides a liquid base for delivering drugs or actives in a uniform dose.
• Lubricant: Reduces friction in mechanical applications and can provide a smooth feel on skin.

 

Safety Profile:

· Hazard Classification: Generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for specific uses but can be harmful if swallowed in large quantities (laxative effect). Classified as causing serious eye irritation.

· Toxicity: Low acute oral toxicity (LD?? > 30,000 mg/kg in rats). However, significant ingestion leads to osmotic diarrhea (its mechanism as a laxative).

· Skin/Eye Contact: Can cause eye irritation. Prolonged skin contact may lead to mild irritation due to its hygroscopic nature (drying effect).

· Metabolism & Impurities: The primary safety concern relates to potential impurities (ethylene oxide, 1,4-dioxane) from production and the metabolism of high doses. High-purity pharmaceutical grades minimize this.

· Required PPE: Safety glasses and gloves are recommended for routine handling to prevent eye contact and prolonged skin exposure.

· Storage: Store in airtight containers in a cool, dry place due to its hygroscopic nature.

Technical profile:

Property	Values
Appearance	Clear, colorless, viscous liquid
Acid Value	195-205 mg KOH/g (indicator of purity)
Viscosity (25°C)	90 - 110 cSt (a defining physical property)
Freezing Point	Approx. 4 - 8 °C (it supercools easily, often remaining liquid below this point)
Boiling Point	> 250 °C (with decomposition)
Density	~1.125 g/cm³ at 20°C
Refractive Index	~1.465 at 20°C
pH (1:1 in water)	4.5 - 7.5
Solubility	Miscible with water in all proportions. Soluble in many organic solvents (alcohols, acetone, chloroform). Insoluble in diethyl ether and aliphatic hydrocarbons.
Hydroxyl Value	264 - 300 mg KOH/g
Typical Purity (Pharmaceutical Grade)	Complying with USP/NF or Ph. Eur. monographs.

 

 

 

 

CAS Number:

61788-85-0

Chemical Formula:

Mixture (Polyethylene glycol derivative of hydrogenated castor oil)

EINECS/ELINCS No:

500-147-5

Description:

PEG-40 Hydrogenated Castor Oil is a versatile,non-ionic surfactant, solubilizer, and emulsifier derived from castor oil. It is valued for its ability to combine oil and water, enhance product clarity, and provide mild cleansing and moisturizing properties.

Uses:

It is a multifunctional ingredient used across cosmetic and personal care formulations for its emulsifying and solubilizing power.

· Skin & Body Care: Used in face creams, lotions, sunscreens, cleansers, body washes, and shower gels to stabilize emulsions and solubilize oils or fragrances into water-based formulas.

· Hair Care: Found in shampoos and conditioners as a gentle surfactant and emollient that helps cleanse while imparting softness.

· Makeup & Fragrance: Essential for suspending pigments, essential oils, and perfumes in aqueous systems, ensuring product clarity and stability.

Origin:

It is a semi-synthetic ingredient. It is produced through a two-step process:

1. Hydrogenation: Castor oil (from the Ricinus communis plant) is hydrogenated to increase its chemical stability.

2. Ethoxylation: The hydrogenated oil is reacted with an average of 40 moles of ethylene oxide (the "40" in the name), which makes it water-soluble.

What does PEG-40 HYDROGENATED CASTOR OIL do in a formulation?

Its primary functions are:

• Solubilizing (primary function for fragrances and oils)
• Emulsifying (Oil-in-Water)
• Surfactant / Cleansing
• Emollient

Safety Profile:

· General Assessment: Considered safe for cosmetic use. It is typically non-irritating and well-tolerated by the skin at standard use levels.

· Key Considerations: As an ethoxylated ingredient, high-purity grades are processed to minimize residual impurities like 1,4-dioxane and ethylene oxide. It is generally not a significant skin sensitizer.

· Use Concentration: Recommended usage in final formulations typically ranges from 1% to 25%, with a common level for solubilizing fragrances being 3-5%.

Technical Profile:

Below are its key technical characteristics:

Property	Values
Appearance	Viscous liquid, ranging from clear/colorless to pale yellow or amber
Odor	Bland or mild fatty odor
Solubility	Soluble in water and alcohol; disperses oils
HLB Value	~13-14 (Hydrophilic, suitable for Oil-in-Water systems)

 

Important Specifications (High-Purity Grade):

Specifications	Values
Water	≤ 2.0%
1,4-Dioxane	≤ 10 ppm
Ethylene Oxide	≤ 1 ppm
Heavy Metals	≤ 10 ppm
Saponification Value	50-60 mg KOH/g
Congealing Temperature	16-26°C

 

 

Description:

NEODOL 25-3 is a blend of C12-C15 high purity, lightly branched, primary alcohols with an average of approximately 3 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol. NEODOL 25-3 alcohol ethoxylate biodegrades fast, as measured in the OECD 301 test.

a: An official sales specification is available from your local Shell Chemicals representative.

b: Liquid, Clear to Slightly Hazy

c: Method Detection Limit 0.3 mg/kg

d: Typical Value by water titration

Storage and Handling:

Advice on the storage and handling of NEODOL alcohol ethoxylates can be found in the Safety Data Sheet on our website at www.shell.com/business-customers/chemicals/safe- product-handling-and-transportation/safety-data-sheets or by contacting your local Shell Chemicals Representative.

Hazard Identification:

NEODOL alcohol ethoxylates exhibit low oral, skin and respiratory toxicity. Generally, these alcohols are slightly to moderately irritating to the eyes and skin. Prolonged or repeated skin contact with undiluted alcohols may lead to defatting of the skin and ultimately cause dermatitis.

Emergency Helpline:

For emergency telephone numbers refer to the Safety Data Sheet relevant for your company’s country and language.

Shell Warranties:

The expression ‘Shell Chemicals’ refers to the companies of Royal Dutch /Shell Group which are engaged in chemical businesses. Each of the companies which make up the Royal Dutch / Shell Group of companies is an independent entity and has its own separate identity. The information contained in this publication is to the best of our knowledge, true and accurate, but any recommendations or suggestions that may be made are without guarantee, since the conditions of use are beyond our control. Furthermore, nothing contained herein shall be construed as a recommendation to use any product in conflict with existing patents covering any material or its use.

• NEODOL is a Shell trademark.

 

INCI: Fatty Alcohol Ethoxylated 9 Mole

CAS No.: 68439-50-9

SPECIFICATION:

FEATURES:

• Good performance of wetting, degreasing, emulsifying and dispersing

• Based on nature hydrophobic resources

• Readily biodegradable and can take place of APEO

• Low odor

APPLICATIONS:

Textile processing, Hard surface cleaners, Leather processing, Dyeing processing, Laundry detergents, Paints and coatings, Emulsion polymerization, Oilfield chemicals, Metalworking fluid, Agrochemicals

STORAGE AND VALIDITY:

Keep in cool, dry, ventilated and lightless place, the shelf-life of the product from the date of production for 24 months

PRODUCT PACKAGING:

Finished package: 200 kg/drum

 

CAS Number:

68515-73-1

Chemical Formula:

C16H32O6

EINECS/ELINCS No:

500-220-1

COSING REF No:

32427

Description:

Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside is a natural-origin,vegetable-based non-ionic surfactant known for its mildness. It is ECOCERT certified and functions as a gentle cleanser, foaming agent, and emulsifier.

Uses:

It serves as a mild surfactant and solubilizer in rinse-off cosmetic and personal care formulations.

· Skin Care: Used in facial cleansers and body washes, particularly for sensitive skin.

· Hair Care: Found in gentle shampoos and shower gels for its foaming capacity.

· Cleansing Properties: Effective at blending essential oils and carrier oils into water-based products.

Origin:

It is a plant-derived, semi-synthetic ingredient. It is produced by reacting glucose from corn with capric alcohol (a fatty alcohol obtained from coconut or palm kernel oil).

What does Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside do in a formulation?

Its primary functions are:

• Cleansing
• Foaming
• Surfactant

 Safety Profile:

· General Assessment: Verified as a substance of low concern for use in cosmetics.

· Irritation Potential: Can cause mild skin irritation and severe eye irritation.

· Other Notes: It is readily biodegradable.

Technical profile:

Property	Values
Appearance	Clear to light yellow, viscous liquid
Active Matter	Typically 58-62% or 60%
pH	11.0 - 12.5
Solubility	Soluble in water
Viscosity	1000-3000 mPa.s.

Typical Usage Rates:

· Face Washes: 10-20%

· Shower Gels & Shampoos: 15-30%

· General Application: 0.1-15.0%

Summary:

Caprylyl/Capryl Glucoside is a mild, plant-derived non-ionic surfactant prized for its gentle cleansing, good foaming, and solubilizing properties. Its key strengths are its suitability for sensitive skin formulations, natural origin, and certifications like ECOCERT. The main consideration is its potential to cause eye irritation.

 

CAS Number:

54549-25-6 (Note: This CAS number is associated with Decyl Glucoside, a related surfactant often grouped under the same category. The specific CAS for Coco Glucoside may vary.)

Chem/IUPAC Name:

Coco Glucoside (Often listed as Palm Kernel/Coco Glucoside)

COSING REF No:

85718

Description:

Coco Glucoside is a mild,plant-based non-ionic surfactant and cleansing agent widely used in cosmetics. It is gentle, biodegradable, and effective at removing impurities without stripping the skin's natural oils.

Uses:

It serves as a primary or co-surfactant valued for its gentleness and foaming in a wide range of products.

· Skin & Body Care: Found in facial cleansers, body washes, and cleansing milks for sensitive or acne-prone skin.

· Hair Care: Used in shampoos and conditioners, where it cleanses while providing conditioning benefits that leave hair soft.

· Baby & Sensitive Skin: Ideal for baby shampoos, washes, and products for sensitive skin due to its very mild nature.

· Household Cleaning: Also used in eco-friendly dish soaps and all-purpose cleaners.

Origin:

Coco Glucoside is a plant-derived, non-ionic surfactant. It is produced by reacting fatty alcohols from coconut oil (or palm kernel oil) with glucose from corn or wheat starch.

What does COCO GLUCOSIDE do in a formulation?

Its primary functions are:

• Cleansing

• Foaming
• Surfactant
• Emulsifying
• Skin Conditioning
• Hair Conditioning

  Safety Profile:

· General Assessment: The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel has concluded that Coco Glucoside is safe for use in cosmetics when formulated to be non-irritating.

· Skin Compatibility: Considered gentle, non-comedogenic, and suitable for all skin types, including sensitive skin. It is biodegradable, vegan, and halal/kosher compliant.

· Irritation Potential: While very mild, it can be mildly irritating to skin and eyes at high concentrations. A patch test is advised for individuals with highly sensitive skin.

Technical profile:

Property	Values
Appearance	Clear to pale yellow liquid
Active Content	Typically supplied as an aqueous solution
pH Range	5.5 - 12.0
Solubility	Soluble in water; insoluble in oil
Viscosity	Low to medium

Formulation Guidelines (Typical Usage):

· Face Wash/Cleansing Milk: 10% - 25%

· Shower Gel/Body Wash: 15% - 30%

· Shampoo: 15% - 45%

· Baby Products: 15% - 25%

Summary & Comparison:

Coco Glucoside is a mild, coconut-derived surfactant prized for gentle cleansing, rich foaming, and skin-conditioning properties.

 

CAS Number:

59122-55-3

Chemical Formula:

C18H36O6

Chem/IUPAC Name:

Dodecyl β-D-glucopyranoside

EINECS/ELINCS No:

261-614-4

COSING REF No:

56967

Description:

Lauryl Glucoside is a mild,non-ionic surfactant and cleansing agent used in cosmetics. It is 100% of natural origin, readily biodegradable, and derived from renewable plant sources.

Uses:

It serves as a primary or co-surfactant in a wide range of personal care products, known for enhancing foam and mildness.

· Skin Care: Used in facial cleansers, body washes, and bath foams to boost foaming and add skin-conditioning properties.

· Hair Care: A key ingredient in shampoos and conditioners, where it creates excellent, stable foam and cleans without stripping hair.

· Specialized Formulations: Its high mildness makes it suitable for baby care products, products for sensitive skin, and "natural" labeled cosmetics.

Origin:

It is a plant-derived, non-ionic surfactant. It is produced by combining glucose (from corn starch) and lauryl alcohol (a fatty alcohol from coconut or palm kernel oil) through a condensation reaction.

What does LAURYL GLUCOSIDE do in a formulation?

As listed in its technical profile, its primary functions are:

• Cleansing

• Emulsifying
• Foam Boosting
• Skin Conditioning
• Surfactant

Safety Profile:

· General Assessment: Considered very safe and mild for the skin, posing little to no risk of irritation. It is included in the CIR (Cosmetic Ingredient Review) list of safe ingredients and approved by ECOCERT.

· Safety Guidelines: Recognized as safe for use in cosmetic products when formulated to be non-irritating.

· Use Concentration: Permitted for use up to a maximum of 40% in any product. Typical usage is 10-20% in facial cleansers and 15-30% in shampoos and body washes.

Technical profile:

Property	Values
Appearance	Clear to pale yellow viscous liquid or paste
Active Content	Often supplied as an aqueous solution, commonly around 50-52% active matter
pH (10% solution)	11.5 - 12.5
Solubility	Highly soluble in water
Viscosity	High; 2000-4000 mPa.s at 40°C. Note: Viscosity increases at low temperatures; gentle warming to 40-50°C before use is recommended
Boiling Point	301°C at 101.3 kPa
Density	1.16 g/cm³ at 20°C

Handling & Stability:

· Shelf Life: Typically 12-24 months for commercial products.

· Stability: Stable across a wide pH range (3-12) and resistant to hydrolysis.

Summary:

Lauryl Glucoside is a gentle, plant-derived, non-ionic surfactant prized for its excellent foaming, cleansing, and skin-conditioning properties. Its key strengths are its high mildness, suitability for sensitive skin and baby products, natural origin, and strong biodegradability profile.

 

CAS Number:

54549-25-6

Chemical Formula:

C16H32O6

EINECS/ELINCS No:

259-218-1

COSING REF No:

75502

Description:

Decyl Glucoside is a mild,non-ionic surfactant derived from plant sugars and oils. It is valued for its excellent foaming capacity, good dermatological compatibility, and gentle cleansing properties, making it ideal for sensitive skin and baby care products.

Uses:

It serves as a gentle, foaming, and cleansing agent in a wide range of personal care products, often as a base or co-surfactant.

· Skin & Body Care: Used in facial cleansers, body washes, moisturizers, hand soaps, baby soaps and wipes, sunscreens, and shaving creams for its mild foam and hydrating feel.

· Hair Care: Ideal for gentle shampoos (including baby shampoo), conditioners, and hair masks. It cleanses without stripping natural oils, making it suitable for dry or curly hair types.

· Specialty Applications: Also found in makeup removers, bubble baths, exfoliants, and pet care products.

Origin:

Decyl Glucoside is a plant-derived, non-ionic surfactant. It is synthesized through the reaction of glucose (from corn starch) with a fatty alcohol, decyl alcohol (also known as capric alcohol, derived from coconut or palm kernel oils).

What does DECYL GLUCOSIDE do in a formulation?

Its primary functions are:

• Cleansing

• Emulsion Stabilising
• Foaming
• Surfactant

  Safety Profile:

· General Assessment: The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel has concluded that decyl glucoside and related alkyl glucosides are safe for use in cosmetics when formulated to be non-irritating.

· Safety Guidelines: Recognized as gentle, low toxicity, and eco-friendly, it is often used in products for sensitive skin and infants.

· Important Note: While rare, hypersensitive individuals may experience skin irritation, redness, or contact dermatitis.

Technical profile:

Property	Values
Appearance	Clear to pale yellow viscous liquid
Active Matter	Often supplied as aqueous solutions (e.g., 50% active)
pH	11.5 - 12.5
Solubility	Soluble in water
Viscosity	1000-2500 mPa.s at 20°C
Boiling Point	476.5 ± 45.0 °C (at 760 mmHg)
HLB Value	13-15
Biodegradability	Readily biodegradable

Note:

Some sources marketed to consumers claim that decyl glucoside "is a sulfate" or contains sodium coco-sulfate. This is technically inaccurate and contradicts its standard definition as a non-ionic surfactant. For formulation purposes, it is correctly classified as sulfate-free.

Summary:

Decyl Glucoside is a gentle, plant-derived non-ionic surfactant prized for its excellent foaming, mild cleansing, and skin compatibility. Its key strengths make it a cornerstone for sulfate-free, sensitive skin, baby, and "natural" cosmetic formulations.

 

CAS: 54549-24-5

Typical properties:

Description:

APG FC6 is a nonionic surfactant known as Alkyl Polyglycoside (APG) with a C6 carbon chain. It is characterized by no foam and has obvious defoaming effect on the formula system. It has excellent water solubility, resistance to strong alkali, strong electrolyte, and can dissolve some other compounds that are not easily soluble in water. Suitable for mechanical cleaning, especially in the field of food production. It can be used as a solubilizer in systems requiring low bubbles.

 

Features:

1. Low foam or no foam
2. Defoaming
3. Solubilizer
4. Good ability on surface tension reduction
5. Resistance to High alkaline & High concentration of electrolyte
6. Low toxic & low irritating to skin
7. Good compatibility with other surfactants
8. Good foaming ability, bubble-stable & rich delicate
9. Good emulsifying performance
10. Easily soluble in water
11. Good decontamination effect

 

Application I&I cleaners:

1. Industrial hard surface cleaner
2. Food industrial
3. Textile auxiliary agent
4. Paint stripper
5. Metal & bottle cleaning
6. Oil additives

 

Storage and Validity

The product may be stored for 24 months from the date of manufacture in the unopened original container and at room temperature. Keep container tightly closed. If store a long time at 45? or more, the color of products will gradually become darker. Products will appear solidified when in low temperature, showing non-uniform or uniform paste as a normal phenomenon, and its performance will not be changed. Pls heat them in the dryer and mix before use.

 

Product Packaging

Finished package: 220 kg/drum, 1100kg/IBC

 

 

CAS Number:

9005-64-5

Chemical Formula:

C58H114O26

Chem/IUPAC Name:

Sorbitan, monododecanoate, poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) derivs

EINECS/ELINCS No:

Not specified

COSING REF No:

79318

Other Names:

Also known as Tween 20 and is classified as food additive E432

Description:

Polysorbate 20 is a non-ionic surfactant and emulsifier used in cosmetics to bind oil and water together.It enhances spreadability, is gentle on skin and hair, and is known for its foaming properties in cleansers.

Uses:

It is a versatile, water-soluble (hydrophilic) nonionic surfactant used across many product types.

· Skin Care: Used in face washes, body lotions, and creams. It acts as a surfactant to reduce surface tension for stable products, helps create foam, and attracts oil and dirt for cleansing.

· Hair Care: Found in shampoos, where it functions as a surfactant and also acts as a fragrance ingredient due to its derivation from sorbitol.

· Cosmetics: Serves as an emulsifier in foundations and mascaras, preventing oil and water-based ingredients from separating for a better texture. It is also a common solubilizer for essential oils and fragrances in water-based products.

· Prevalence: Present in approximately 5.19% of cosmetics, with particularly high use in intimate wipes (~24%), face cleansing wipes (~24%), and baby cleaning wipes (~24%)

Origin:

Polysorbate 20 is a semi-synthetic ingredient. It is produced by reacting sorbitol (a polyol derived from plant sources like fruits and berries) with ethylene oxide, followed by esterification with lauric acid (commonly from coconut or palm kernel oil). The "20" in its name represents the average number of ethylene oxide units reacted per mole of sorbitol.

What does POLYSORBATE 20 in a formulation?

Its primary functions are:

• Surfactant
• Emulsifying

Key Technical Properties:

· HLB Value: 16-17, making it an excellent oil-in-water emulsifier.

· Typical Use Level: 2% to 10% in formulations.

· Appearance: Viscous liquid that is clear, pale yellow, or yellow-green.

Safety Profile:

· Regulatory Status: The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel has concluded that Polysorbate 20 is safe for use as a cosmetic ingredient when formulated to be non-irritating. It is also permitted for use in cosmetics in the European Union and is approved by the FDA for certain food uses.

· Key Safety Consideration: The main concern is potential contamination with 1,4-dioxane, a byproduct of the ethoxylation manufacturing process. Reputable manufacturers use proper filtration to minimize this contaminant, and "food-grade" or highly purified grades are available that contain zero 1,4-dioxane.

· Other Properties: It is generally considered mild, non-comedogenic (does not clog pores), and vegan.

Technical Profile:

Below are its key technical characteristics:

Property	Values
Melting Point	98.9°C
Boiling Point	>100°C
pH	6.0 - 8.0 (as supplied)
Solubility	Soluble in water

 

 

CAS Number:

9005-67-8

Chemical Formula:

C64H126O26

Other Common Names:

Tween 60, Polyoxyethylene (20) Sorbitan Monostearate

Description:

Polysorbate 60 is an emulsifier and surfactant commonly used in cosmetics to blend water and oil-based ingredients.It enhances the stability, texture, and consistency of formulations by preventing ingredient separation.

Uses:

It is widely utilized as an emulsifier and solubilizer in personal care products and food.

· Cosmetics & Personal Care: Primarily used in creams, lotions, makeup, shampoos, and conditioners. It ensures stable blending of oil and water-based ingredients, creates a smooth texture, and helps solubilize fragrances and essential oils into water-based products.

· Food Industry: Approved for use as an emulsifier, stabilizer, and thickener in items like baked goods, frozen desserts (e.g., ice cream), and whipped toppings.

Origin:

Polysorbate 60 is a synthetic (semi-synthetic) ingredient. It is produced through the ethoxylation of sorbitol (derived from sources like corn syrup), followed by reaction with a fatty acid, primarily stearic acid.

What does POLYSORBATE 60 do in a formulation?

Its primary functions are:

• Emulsifying
• Surfactant

    Safety Profile:

· General Assessment: Considered a safe ingredient with low skin irritation potential. It is non-toxic and non-comedogenic.

· Regulatory Status: Classified as Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in food.

· Sourcing: Can be considered vegan and halal, depending on the specific raw material sources and processing methods.

Technical profile:

Property	Values
Appearance	Amber to golden, oily liquid or semi-gel
Odor	Slight, characteristic odor
Solubility	Soluble in water
Melting Point	45-50°C
Boiling Point	100°C
HLB Value	~14.9 (hydrophilic, suitable for Oil-in-Water emulsions). This value is crucial for its function as an emulsifier

 

Summary:

Polysorbate 60 is a versatile, hydrophilic non-ionic emulsifier essential for creating stable oil-in-water mixtures in cosmetics and food. Its key strengths are its proven safety, effectiveness in stabilizing formulations, and ability to provide a smooth product texture.

 

CAS Number:

9005-65-6

Chemical Formula:

C64H124O26

EINECS/ELINCS No:

500-019-9 (Note: This is the standard number for Polysorbate 80, not listed in the provided sources)

COSING REF No:

37415 (Note: This is the standard number for Polysorbate 80, not listed in the provided sources)

Description:

Polysorbate 80 is a non-ionic,hydrophilic surfactant and emulsifier widely used in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and food. It is valued for its ability to solubilize oils in water, stabilize formulations, and create stable oil-in-water emulsions.

Uses:

It is a versatile solubilizer and emulsifier used across multiple industries. Its primary role is to blend oil- and water-based ingredients.

· Cosmetics & Personal Care: Found in moisturizers, shampoos, conditioners, lotions, sunscreens, cleansers, and makeup (foundation, mascara). It helps solubilize fragrances and essential oils into water-based products.

· Pharmaceuticals: Used as a stabilizing excipient in injectable formulations, vaccines, and oral medicines to prevent particle formation and improve solubility.

· Food Industry: Approved as an emulsifier (E433) in products like ice cream to improve texture and resistance to melting.

Origin:

Polysorbate 80 is a synthetic (semi-synthetic) ingredient. It is produced by the ethoxylation of sorbitan (derived from sorbitol, a sugar alcohol) followed by esterification with oleic acid. The "80" historically refers to oleic acid. The fatty acid source can be plant-based (e.g., palm oil, olive oil) or synthetic

What does POLYSORBATE 80 do in a formulation?

Its primary functions are:

• Emulsifying (primary)
• Surfactant
• Solubilizing (key function for fragrances/oils)
• Denaturant (in alcohol-based products)

Safety Profile:

· General Assessment: Approved as safe for use in cosmetics, food, and pharmaceuticals by major regulatory bodies (FDA, EU). It is generally non-irritating and non-sensitizing at standard use levels.

· Key Consideration: As an ethoxylated ingredient, there is a potential for trace contamination with 1,4-dioxane, a byproduct of manufacturing. Reputable suppliers purify the product to minimize this risk.

· Use Concentration: Widely used; specific cosmetic limits not defined by CIR but guided by Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP). It is present in approximately 1.68% of cosmetic products.

Technical profile:

Property	Values
Appearance	Viscous, amber to yellow liquid
HLB Value	~15, making it hydrophilic and suitable for creating oil-in-water emulsions
Solubility	Soluble in water, ethanol, and vegetable oils. Insoluble in mineral oils
Viscosity	300–500 centistokes at 25°C
Density	~1.06 - 1.10 g/mL

 

Summary:

Polysorbate 80 is a versatile, hydrophilic non-ionic surfactant and emulsifier essential for stabilizing mixtures of oil and water in cosmetics, drugs, and food. Its key strengths are its excellent solubilizing power, formulation stability, and strong safety record.

 

 

CAS Number:

1338-43-8

Chemical Formula:

C24H44O6

EINECS/ELINCS No:

215-665-4

Description:

Span 80,known chemically as Sorbitan Monooleate, is a non-ionic, low-HLB surfactant primarily used as a water-in-oil (W/O) emulsifier, stabilizer, and dispersing agent across multiple industries.

Uses:

t is a versatile surfactant used to create and stabilize emulsions where water is dispersed in oil (W/O), and as a co-emulsifier or dispersant.

· Cosmetics & Personal Care: Used in creams, lotions, facial cleansers, sun protection, makeup (eye, face, lip color), lip care, and bath products as a W/O emulsifier and stabilizer.

· Food Industry: Approved as a food additive (E494), used in items like ice cream and salad dressings to improve texture and stability.

· Pharmaceuticals: Serves as an excipient, wetting agent, and dispersant in lipophilic bases, and is researched for use in drug delivery systems like vesicles and lipid nanoparticles.

· Industrial Applications: Used as a pigment dispersant in non-polar liquids for coatings, paints, adhesives, and textiles.

Origin:

Span 80 is a semi-synthetic, non-ionic surfactant. It is produced by the esterification of sorbitan (derived from sorbitol, a sugar alcohol) with oleic acid, a fatty acid commonly sourced from vegetable oils.

What does SPAN 80 do in a formulation?

Its primary functions are:

• Surfactant - Emulsifying (especially for W/O emulsions)
• Stabilizer
• Dispersing Agent

Safety Profile:

· General Assessment: Approved for use in food (E494), cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals by major regulatory bodies (FDA, EU). It is biodegradable.

· Skin Irritation: Classified as a skin irritant. However, allergic contact dermatitis from sorbitan esters is considered uncommon.

· Typical Use Levels: Recommended topical usage in cosmetics ranges from 0.5% to 5%.

Technical profile:

Property	Values
Appearance	Light yellow to amber, viscous oily liquid
Odor	Characteristic fatty, oily, waxy odor
Solubility	.Water: Practically insoluble but dispersible. · Organic Solvents: Soluble/miscible in ethanol, isopropanol, ether, and fatty oils.
Specific Gravity/Density	~0.986 g/mL at 25°C
Viscosity	1000-2000 mPa.s at 20°C
HLB Value	4.3, classifying it as strongly lipophilic and ideal for W/O emulsions
Stability & Storage	.Stability: Stable but combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. · Storage: Store below +30°C

Note: Detailed technical property tables for specific commercial brands (e.g., Croda's Span™ 80) on SpecialChem were locked behind a login and not publicly accessible

Summary:

Span 80 (Sorbitan Monooleate) is a versatile, lipophilic non-ionic surfactant essential for creating stable water-in-oil emulsions. Its low HLB value (4.3) makes it a key ingredient in cosmetic creams, food products, pharmaceutical bases, and industrial dispersions.

 

CAS Number:

68603-42-9

Chemical Formula:

CH3(CH2)nC(=O)N(CH2CH2OH)2

EINECS/ELINCS No:

271-657-0

COSING REF No:

32918

 

Description:

Cocamide DEA(Cocamide Diethanolamine) is a foaming and emulsifying agent used in skin and hair care products like shampoos and hand soaps. It helps keep formulations stable and prevents ingredients from separating. It is a surfactant.

Uses:

Cocamide DEA is primarily used as a foam booster and thickener in rinse-off skin and hair care products.

· Skin care: It enables even mixing of oil and water and increases the foaming capacity of products like bubble baths.

· Hair care: Shampoos and conditioners containing it can trap oil-based dirt on hair and rinse it off. It is also a thickener and improves product texture.

Origin:

Cocamide DEA is a viscous, amber-colored liquid made by reacting fatty acids from coconut oil with a chemical called ethanolamine. The natural fatty acids are chemically altered to produce this foaming agent.

What does COCAMIDE DEA  do in a formulation?

• Emulsifying
• Emulsion Stabilising
• Foam Boosting
• Surfactant
• Viscosity Controlling

 

Safety Profile:

The safety profile contains important points to consider:

· Halal and safe for use in rinse-off products at concentrations below 10%.

· The use of this ingredient has declined over the years.

· Prolonged and heavy use of Cocamide DEA has been linked to cancer.

· Even small quantities can have side effects like itching.

· It should be avoided in products containing nitrosating agents as they may react and become potentially harmful.

Technical profile:

Property	Values
Boiling Point	168-274°C
Solubility	Soluble in water and oil
Viscosity	450-850 cP

 

 

 

 

CAS Number:

61792-31-2

Chemical Formula:

C17H36N2O2

Chemical Classification:

Amphoteric Surfactant (can act as cationic or anionic depending on pH)

INCI Name:

Lauramidopropylamine Oxide

Uses:

This surfactant is primarily used in rinse-off cleansing products for its excellent foaming and mildness.

· Hair & Skin Cleansing: A key ingredient in shampoos, bubble baths, hand sanitizers, body washes, and facial cleansers.

· Gentle Formulations: Its mild nature makes it suitable for baby care products.

· Household & Industrial: Also used in dishwashing detergents and hard surface cleaners.

Origin:

It is a synthetic, amphoteric surfactant. The "Laurylamido" part of its name indicates it is derived from lauric acid (a fatty acid often sourced from coconut or palm kernel oil).

What does LAURYLAMIDOPROPYL DIMETHYLAMINE OXIDE do in a formulation?

Its primary functions are:

• Surfactant & Cleansing: Removes dirt and oils
• Foam Booster & Stabilizer: Produces rich, thick, and fine foam
• Viscosity Modifier (Thickener): Has a clear thickening effect, especially when combined with anionic surfactants.
• Irritation Mitigator: Helps reduce the potential irritation caused by other, harsher surfactants in a formula

 

Safety Profile:

General Assessment: Recognized for its mildness and is considered suitable for products designed for sensitive skin.

· Safety Guidelines: It is biodegradable, which is an important consideration for environmentally friendly formulations. Standard safety precautions for handling chemicals apply: avoid contact with eyes and skin; if contact occurs, rinse thoroughly with water.

Technical profile:

Property	Values
Appearance	Typically supplied as a clear, colorless to pale yellow aqueous solution (common commercial grade is 28-32% active. Can also be found in powder or solid form
pH	6.0 - 8.0 (for aqueous solutions)
High Foam Quality	Known for generating abundant, dense foam
Good Compatibility	Works well with other surfactant types
Low-Temperature Stability	Maintains stability in cool conditions

 

 

 

 

CAS Number:

68439-57-6

Chemical Classification:

Anionic Surfactant (Alpha Olefin Sulfonate)

INCI Name:

Sodium C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate

Description:

AOS 92%Powder is a high-concentration, free-flowing powder form of the anionic surfactant Sodium Alpha Olefin Sulfonate. It is primarily used in solid formulations and applications where a high-active, low-moisture surfactant is required

Uses:

Its high concentration and powder form make it suitable for solid and concentrated formulations.

· Solid Detergents & Soap Bars: A primary active ingredient in laundry powders, synthetic detergent (syndet) bars, and scouring powders.

· Personal Care: Used in solid shampoos, waterless beauty products (shampoo bars, cleansing sticks), and facial cleansers.

· Industrial Applications: Used in construction as an air-entraining agent for concrete, in firefighting foams, and in oil field chemicals.

Origin:

It is a semi-synthetic anionic surfactant. It is produced through the sulfonation of C14-C16 alpha-olefins (often derived from coconut or palm oil), followed by neutralization and drying into a powder.

What does AOS 92% Powder do in a formulation?

Its primary functions are:

• Cleansing
• Foaming
• Surfactant

 

Safety Profile:

· Handling: Handle in a well-ventilated area as the fine powder can become airborne easily. For external use only.

· Skin Compatibility: Recognized for good biodegradability and lower skin irritation compared to some sulfates like Sodium Lauryl Sulfate, but is still considered a strong cleanser.

· Storage: Store in a cool, dry place in sealed containers to avoid moisture absorption.

Technical profile:

Property	Values
Physical State	Fine, free-flowing powder
Solubility	Soluble in water
Sodium Sulfate	≤ 5.5 - 6.0%
Unsulfonated Matter	≤ 4.6 - 5.5%
Recommended Usage Level	Varies widely by application, typically between 3% to 30% in formulations

 

 

 

 

CAS Number:

39354-45-5 / 40754-59-4 / 42016-08-0 / 58450-52-5 / 68815-56-5

Chemical Formula:

Varies (typically C22H43NaO10S)

EINECS/ELINCS No:

255-062-3

COSING REF No:

75765

Description:

Disodium Laureth Sulfosuccinate is a mild,non-irritating anionic surfactant renowned for its gentle cleansing and rich foaming properties. It is a sulfate-free surfactant ideal for sensitive skin, baby care, and gentle rinse-off formulations.

Uses:

It serves as a primary or secondary surfactant in low-irritation cleansers. The 40% active form is a light yellow to yellow liquid.

· Personal Cleansers: Ideal for gentle shampoos, shower gels, facial cleansers, liquid soaps, baby washes, and bubble baths.

· Specialized Hair Care: Used in hair sprays, color-protecting shampoos, and straightening products.

· Other Uses: Found in toothpaste, shaving creams, hand dishwashing liquids, and laundry detergents.

Origin:

It is a semi-synthetic ingredient synthesized through the sulfonation of lauryl alcohol, followed by ethoxylation and reaction with sulfosuccinic acid, and finally neutralization with sodium hydroxide.

What does DISODIUM LAURETH SULFOSUCCINATE do in a formulation?

Its primary functions are:

• Cleansing
• Foaming
• Surfactant
• Foam Boosting

Additional notable properties include reducing the skin-irritating effects of other surfactants like Sodium Laureth Sulfate (SLES), acting as a hydrotrope (stabilizing clear formulas), and dispersing calcium soap.

 

Safety Profile:

· General Assessment: Recognized as safe for cosmetic use when formulated to be non-irritating. Its large molecular size prevents skin penetration.

· Safety Guidelines: The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel concluded it is safe in current use concentrations, typically between 0.06% to 2% for leave-on and 0.4% to 10% for rinse-off products. It should not exceed 1% in products for prolonged skin contact.

· Important Note: As an ethoxylated ingredient, it may contain trace amounts of 1,4-dioxane, which is minimized through purification during manufacturing

Technical profile:

Property	Values
Appearance	Light yellow to yellow clear liquid (40% active solution)
Active Matter	Typically supplied as a 40% active aqueous solution
pH	5.5 - 6.2 (10% solution in water)
Melting Point	153-157°C
Boiling Point	~100°C (for aqueous solution)
Density	~1.165 g/cm³ at 20°C

 

 

 

 

CAS Number:

68551-12-2 (Note: Some sources list 68439-50-9)

Chemical Formula:

C12H25(OCH2CH2)3OH

Primary Function:

Non-ionic surfactant, emulsifier, wetting agent, and foam booster

Uses:

This surfactant is versatile and used across multiple industries for its ability to reduce surface tension and blend oil and water.

· Personal Care: Acts as a foaming agent in shampoos and bath gels, and an emulsifier in creams and cleansers.

· Home & Industrial Cleaning: Serves as a wetting agent and detergent in laundry products, hard surface cleaners, and industrial degreasers.

· Other Industries: Used in textile processing, agricultural chemicals, and as a chemical intermediate.

Origin:

It is a semi-synthetic, non-ionic surfactant. It is produced by reacting lauryl alcohol (derived from coconut or palm oil) with 3 moles of ethylene oxide.

What does ETHOXYLATED LAURYL ALCOHOL do in a formulation?

Its primary functions are:

• Surfactant / Cleansing
• Emulsifying
• Wetting Agent
• Foam Boosting

 

Safety Profile:

· General Assessment: Alcohol ethoxylates like this are generally considered safe when used correctly and are known for good biodegradability.

· Key Consideration: They are distinct from alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs), which have greater environmental concerns.

Technical profile:

Property	Values
Appearance	Clear to slightly hazy liquid
Typical Properties	Non-ionic surfactant, soluble in water, stable in acidic and alkaline conditions.
Molecular Weight	~276 g/mol
Density	~0.95 g/cm³

 

Summary:

 

Ethoxylated Lauryl Alcohol, 3 mole is a versatile, mild, non-ionic surfactant valued for its foaming, wetting, and emulsifying properties in personal care and cleaning products.

 

 

 

CAS Number:

Information not specified in retrieved sources

Chemical Description:

Linear alcohol (C12-15) ethoxylate, POE-7

Primary Function:

Non-ionic surfactant, detergent, emulsifier, and wetting agent.

Uses:

This surfactant is engineered for cleaning applications, with a primary focus on laundry and hard surface cleaning.

· Laundry Care: A key ingredient in laundry detergents and fabric pre-treaters/spotters for its excellent detergency and low interfacial tension.

· Household & Industrial Cleaning: Used in all-purpose cleaners, hard surface cleaners, floor cleaners, and dishwashing detergents.

· Other Industries: Also finds application in textile processing and as an adjuvant in agricultural formulations.

Origin:

It is a semi-synthetic, non-ionic surfactant. It is produced by reacting a mixture of linear C12-15 fatty alcohols with 7 moles of ethylene oxide.

What does C12-15 ALCOHOL ETHOXYLATE (7 EO) do in a formulation?

Its primary functions are:

• Detergent (primary cleaning action)
• Emulsifier (suspends oils and grease)
• Wetting Agent (allows water to spread and penetrate surfaces)

 

 

Safety Profile:

· General Assessment: This product meets the U.S. EPA Safer Choice Program's surfactant screen. Alcohol ethoxylates are generally considered safe when used correctly.

· Key Considerations: Like all ethoxylated surfactants, it is crucial to ensure the product is purified to minimize trace levels of the byproduct 1,4-dioxane. The product is listed as readily biodegradable.

· Handling: As with all concentrated chemicals, appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves and goggles is recommended during handling.

Technical profile:

Property	Values
Appearance	Paste (at 25°C)
Active Matter	100%
Form at 25°C	Paste
Cloud Point	50°C (1% aqueous solution)
HLB Value	12.2 (hydrophilic, suitable for oil-in-water systems and detergency)
Draves Wetting Time	16 seconds (at 25°C, indicates fast wetting ability)

 

How It Differs from Other 7-Mole Ethoxylates:

C12-15 Alcohol Ethoxylate (7 EO)

 

· Primary Use: Laundry & Industrial Cleaning

· Typical Form: Paste

· Key Property: High detergency, fast wetting

 

Lauryl Alcohol Ethoxylate (Laureth-7)

 

· Primary Use: Personal Care & Light-Duty Cleaning

· Typical Form: Liquid

· Key Property: Foaming, mildness

 

Ceteareth-7

 

· Primary Use: Cosmetic Creams & Lotions (Emulsifier)

· Typical Form: Waxy Solid

· Key Property: Stabilizing emulsions

Summary:

For laundry applications, a C12-15 Alcohol Ethoxylate with 7 moles of EO is the optimal choice. It is a high-performance, biodegradable non-ionic surfactant designed specifically for excellent detergency and wetting in laundry and hard surface cleaners. Its formulation is recognized for a safer environmental profile.

 

 

CAS Number:

54549-24-5

INCI Name:

Hexyl Glucoside

Primary Classification:

Non-ionic surfactant (Alkyl Polyglucoside)

Uses:

This surfactant is designed for industrial and institutional cleaning applications due to its specific properties.

· Industrial & Hard Surface Cleaning: Used in heavy-duty cleaners, mechanical cleaning systems, bottle washing, and paint strippers.

· Textile & Food Industry: Serves as a textile auxiliary agent and is suitable for cleaning in food production environments.

· Specialty Applications: Effective as a solubilizer in low-foam or no-foam systems and in high-alkaline formulations.

Origin:

Hexyl Glucoside is a semi-synthetic, non-ionic surfactant. It is produced from renewable plant sources by reacting glucose (from corn) with a C6 fatty alcohol.

What does Hexyl Glucoside (FC6) do in a formulation?

Its key functional properties are:

• Low-Foaming / Defoaming: Characterized by low or no foam and can reduce foam in existing systems.
• Solubilizer: Helps dissolve other compounds in water
• Wetting Agent: Reduces surface tension effectively for improved cleaning
• Alkali & Electrolyte Resistant: Stable in high-alkaline conditions and concentrated salt solutions.

 

 

Safety Profile:

· General Assessment: Described as having low toxicity and low skin irritation.

· Environmental Profile: Readily biodegradable and derived from natural feedstocks.

Technical profile:

Property	Values
Appearance	Pale yellow to colorless liquid
Typical Form	Liquid
pH	7.0 - 9.0 (for a typical commercial product)
Boiling Point	~100-103°C
Solubility	Excellent solubility in water and high electrolyte solutions
Foam Profile	Low-foaming to no-foam
Compatibility	Good compatibility with other surfactants, including defoaming agents
Active Matter	Alkyl Polyglucosides (APGs) in general can be formulated with active contents ranging from 50% to 75%.

 

 

 

CAS Number:

25322-68-3 (general PEG CAS)

Chemical / INCI Name:

PEG-90M

Molecular Formula:

 H(OCH2CH2)nOH, where n is approximately 90,000

Molecular Weight:

~ 4,000,000 g/mol (4 million)

Other Names:

Polyethylene Glycol 90M, Poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl), α-hydro-ω-hydroxy- (molecular weight approx. 4,000,000), Ultra-high molecular weight PEG

Uses:

PEG-90M is an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene glycol. Its extremely long polymer chains give it unique rheological properties, making it an exceptional thickener, lubricant, and film former .

· Personal Care & Cosmetics: Used in shaving creams, shaving gels, depilatory products, and facial masks to provide a smooth, lubricious glide and prevent irritation during shaving or hair removal .

· Skin Care: Functions as a film former and viscosity modifier in gels, masks, and serums, providing a unique, silky skin feel .

· Hair Care: Used in styling products to provide hold and conditioning .

· Industrial Applications: Functions as a lubricant, binder, and release agent in ceramics, metalworking, and construction materials .

Origin

PEG-90M is a synthetic polymer produced by the polymerization of ethylene oxide. The "90M" designation indicates a very high molecular weight (approximately 4 million g/mol), achieved through specialized polymerization processes .

What does PEG-90M do in a formulation?

• Viscosity Modifier / Thickener: Provides exceptional thickening at very low concentrations .
• Lubricant: Creates a smooth, slippery, lubricious feel, ideal for shaving products .
• Film Former: Forms a continuous, flexible film on skin or hair .
• Binder: Helps hold ingredients together in solid formulations .
• Water Retention Agent: Helps retain moisture in formulations .

Safety Profile:

· General Hazard Classification: Considered safe for use in cosmetics at typical concentrations .

· Molecular Weight Consideration: High molecular weight PEGs like PEG-90M are not significantly absorbed through the skin due to their large molecular size .

· Purity: High molecular weight PEGs are typically well-purified. Concerns about ethylene oxide or 1,4-dioxane contamination are minimal with high-quality, cosmetic-grade materials .

· Irritation & Sensitization: Generally regarded as non-irritating and non-sensitizing at typical use concentrations .

· Biodegradability: High molecular weight PEGs are less readily biodegradable than low molecular weight PEGs .

· Regulatory Status: Approved for use in cosmetics worldwide .

Technical profile:

Property	Values
Appearance	White to off-white powder or granular solid
Odor	Odorless or faint characteristic odor
Viscosity (5% solution)	40,000 - 70,000 mPa·s (cP) at 25°C
pH (5% solution)	5.0 - 7.5
Water Content	≤ 1.0%
Residue on Ignition	≤ 1.0%
Bulk Density	~0.3 - 0.6 g/cm³
Melting Point	62 - 67°C (144-153°F)
Flash Point	240°C (> 464°F)
Solubility	Soluble in water, alcohol, and glycols; insoluble in oils
Melting Point	200°C (decomposes)
Stability	soluble in water, alcohol, and glycols; insoluble in oils
Recommended Use Level	0.1 - 2.0% in cosmetic formulations (effective at very low concentrations)

 

 

 

 

 

 

CAS Number:

67-63-0

Chemical Names:

Propan-2-ol, Isopropanol, 2-Propanol

Molecular Formula:

C3H8O

EINECS/ELINCS No:

200-661-7

Uses:

Isopropyl Alcohol is a versatile solvent and antiseptic with broad applications across cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and industry.

· Cosmetic & Personal Care: Used as an astringent, solvent, and antifoaming agent in aftershaves, toners, antiperspirants, hair care products, cleansers, and nail care products. It helps dissolve oils, remove impurities, and can aid in the penetration of other ingredients.

· Antiseptic & Medical: Its primary use is as a disinfectant (rubbing alcohol) for skin and surfaces, found in hand sanitizers, medical wipes, and healthcare personnel hand rubs.

· Industrial & General Use: A common solvent for oils, resins, and gums. Used for cleaning electronics, optical lenses, lab equipment, and as a deicing agent.

Origin:

Isopropyl alcohol is a synthetic chemical, not naturally derived in significant quantities. It is produced industrially through one of two primary methods:

1. Hydration of Propylene: Reacting propene (propylene) with water, either indirectly via sulfuric acid or through direct catalytic hydration.

2. Hydrogenation of Acetone: An alternative method involving the reduction of acetone.

What does Isopropyl Alcohol do in a formulation?

As defined by its cosmetic functions, its primary roles are:

• Antifoaming Agent
• Astringent
• Solvent
• Viscosity Decreasing Agent

  Safety Profile:

· General Assessment: The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel concluded it is safe under current conditions of use in cosmetics. The WHO has stated it is unlikely to pose a serious health risk to the general population under normal exposure conditions.

· Key Hazards:

  · Flammable: It is a highly flammable liquid with a low flash point.

  · Toxic: Can be toxic if ingested or excessively inhaled, causing central nervous system depression, headache, and dizziness.

  · Irritant: Can be drying and irritating to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract, especially at high concentrations or with prolonged exposure.

· Occupational Exposure Limits:

  · OSHA PEL (8-hr TWA): 400 ppm (980 mg/m³)

  · NIOSH REL (STEL): 500 ppm (1225 mg/m³)

  · IDLH (Immediate Danger): 2000 ppm

Technical profile:

Property	Values
Appearance	Clear, colorless liquid
Odor	Pungent, alcoholic odor
Boiling Point	82.5 - 82.6 °C
Melting Point	-89 °C
Density	~0.786 g/cm³ at 20°C
Solubility	Miscible with water, ethanol, and chloroform
Viscosity	Low (approximately 2.1 mPa·s at 25°C)

 

 

CAS Number:

57-55-6

INCI/Chemical Name:

Propylene Glycol

Chemical Formula:

C3H8O2

Other Names:

Monopropylene Glycol (MPG), 1,2-Propanediol, Methyl ethylene glycol

EINECS/ELINCS No:

200-338-0

Uses:

It is used as a multi-functional humectant and solvent in a wide range of products.

· Skin Care: Used in serums, creams, and moisturizers to hydrate the skin, improve its appearance, and prevent flaking. It also helps extend product shelf life due to its antimicrobial properties.

· Hair Care: Found in shampoos and conditioners, where it moisturizes hair, making it softer and easier to comb while preventing tangles.

· Cosmetics: Helps retain moisture in makeup products, improving spreadability and creating a less thick texture.

· Other Uses: Serves as a solvent for flavors and colors in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

Origin:

Propylene Glycol is a synthetic material. It can be derived from natural gas or petroleum, or from plant-based sources where it is produced by reacting glycerol with hydrogen under high pressure and temperature.

What does MONOPROPYLENE GLYCOL (MPG) do in a formulation?

Its primary functions in a formulation, as defined by INCI, are:

 

• Humectant
• Emollient
• Preservative
• Solvent
• Viscosity Controlling Agent

Safety Profile:

· General Assessment: Considered safe for use in cosmetic products and is halal.

· Recommendation: It is always advisable to perform a patch test on a small area of skin before regular use and to consult a dermatologist in case of any irritation.

Technical profile:

Property	Values
Appearance	Viscous liquid, clear, colorless, with a slightly sweet taste
Odor	Almost odorless
Solubility	Completely miscible with water
Melting Point	-59°C
Boiling Point	188.2°C
pH	9.3 - 10.5
Viscosity	42 centipoise
Flash Point	101°C

 

Note:

 Some precise technical properties, such as active matter content and distillation range, are typically listed on the specific product's Technical Data Sheet (TDS) and may not always be publicly available

 

CAS Number:

25265-71-8 (common mixture). Also listed as 110-98-5

Chem/INCI Name: 

Dipropylene Glycol

Molecular Formula:

C6H14O3

Molecular Weight:

134.17 g/mol

Uses:

A versatile, colorless, and nearly odorless liquid solvent with a high boiling point and low toxicity. It is valued for its stability and ability to blend with many substances.

· Personal Care & Cosmetics: Extensively used as a solvent for perfumes, fragrances, and essential oils in products like deodorants, skin creams, and hair care items.

· Industrial & Technical: Functions as a plasticizer, a chemical intermediate in manufacturing, and a solvent for various industrial applications.

· Specialty Applications: A common ingredient in fluids for theatrical fog machines.

Origin:

Dipropylene glycol is not typically a primary product but is formed as a by-product or co-product during the industrial production of propylene glycol.

What does Dipropylene Glycol do in a formulation?

In formulations, its primary functions are:

• Solvent (for dissolving fragrances, oils, and other ingredients)
• Humectant (attracts and retains moisture)
• Plasticizer (increases flexibility and reduces brittleness)
• Viscosity Controlling Agent
• Masking Agent (reduces or masks undesired base odors)
• Emollient (softens and smooths the skin)

Safety Profile:

Hazard Classification: Generally regarded as safe for use in cosmetics with low toxicity. It is not classified as a hazardous substance under standard criteria like GHS for acute toxicity, though proper industrial handling is always advised.

Primary Hazards:

· Combustible Liquid: Has a flash point of approximately 121°C (250°F).

· Irritant: May cause mild irritation to eyes or skin with prolonged exposure.

  Safety Precautions: Use with adequate ventilation. Avoid prolonged skin contact and eye exposure. Keep away from heat and ignition sources. Refer to the supplier's Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for specific handling instructions.

 

Technical profile:

Property	Values
Appearance	Colorless, clear liquid
Odor	Nearly odorless / faint characteristic odor
Boiling Point	230.5 °C (446.9 °F)
Purity / Assay	Commonly >99% for technical grades
Density	1.0206 g/cm³ at 20°C
Flash Point	121 °C (250 °F) - Closed Cup
Solubility	Miscible with water and soluble in ethanol
Water Content	Very low (hygroscopic, but typically sold anhydrous)
Vapor Pressure	Very low (contributes to low volatility)

 

 

 

 

INCI :

  Exxsol D80

CAS No.:

64742-47-8

General:

Properties :

Additional Information :

Typical values listed represent product from a primary source location. Actual values may vary slightly for product from alternate source locations.

Legal Statement :

This product, including the product name, shall not be used or tested in any medical application without the prior written acknowledgement of ExxonMobil Chemical as to the intended use.

Notes :

The values indicated in this document may deviate from the test method requirements by the number of significant figures shown. 1 Product may not be available in one or more countries in the identified Availability regions. Please contact your Sales Representative for complete Country Availability.

For additional technical, sales and order assistance :

 

1,2-ethanediol; Ethylene glycol (MEG)

CAS Number: 107-21-1

Formula: C2H6O2

DESCRIPTION:

 Monoethylene glycol is a clear, colorless and hygroscopic liquid, withmoderately viscous. It is completely miscible with water and manyorganicliquids

APPLICATION:

Monoethylene glycol (MEG) is most commonly used as chemical intermediate in the manufacture of polyester resins and textile fibers. MEGisalso wildly used as automotive antifreeze due to its low freezingpoint whenmixed with water and used as heat transfer fluids for ventilationandair-conditioning systems

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES:
Form	liquid
Appearance	Clear
Molecular Weight	62.07
pH	7
Boiling Point, 760 mm Hg, °C	198
Flash Point, PMCC, °C	111
Freezing Point, °C	-12
Specific Gravity, 20/20°C	1.1154
Conductivity, µS/cm	0.57
Refractive Index, 20°C	1.4321
Vapor Pressure, mm Hg, 20°C	0.08
Viscosity, cSt, 40°C	8.712
Sodium as Na, ppm	<0.1
Potassium as K, ppm	<0.1
Sulfate as SO42-, ppm	<1

 

REGULATORY INFORMATION:

IMDG Classification: Non-Dangerous Goods

HMIS Code: 2-1-0

HS Code: 2905.31.00

 

 

HANDLING AND STORAGE:

Keep the material in the anhydrous state to prevent severe corrosiontothecarbon steel or aluminum tank and related equipment. For longer termcolorstability, it is recommended that the product be stored under aninertatmosphere.

Monoethylene glycol products have 24 months of shelf-life timeunderunopened drum. The product should be re-evaluated after 24monthstoreconfirm the product quality, if properly stored and protectedfromcontamination. For bulk container, the shelf-life time of product is 6monthsfrom manufacturing date.

For storage conditions, product is hygroscopic, water contaminationshouldbeavoided. Keep container tightly closed without air contamination. DuetoMonoethylene glycol is very sensitive with moisture, an elevated moisturelevel when do re-sampling might be faced. The periods of exposuretohightemperatures should be minimized. Avoid directly contact with sunlight andhigher temperature. Monoethylene glycol is recommended to be storedunderan inert atmosphere such as nitrogen blanket to sustain product stability.

PACKAGING:

Product is available in bulk truck, ISO Tank, flexi bag, IBC tank, steel drumwithepoxy phenolic coating. Recommended containers are stainless steel andaluminum or carbon steel with suitably lined. IBC tank material shouldbeHDPEwith UV stabilized and opaque to prevent UV degradation. Certain governmentregulations may apply at the time of shipment and delivery.

SAFETY:

Wear appropriate personal protective equipment, includingappropriaterespiratory protection. Avoid contact with skin, eyes or clothing. For informationon the toxicity and handling of this product, please find in the Material SafetyData Sheet.

 

CAS Number:

111-46-6  (Note: CAS 67-63-0 listed in some searches belongs to Isopropyl Alcohol)

INCI/Chemical Name:

Diethylene Glycol

Molecular Formula:

C4H10O3

Molecular Weight:

106.12 g/mol

Uses:

DEG is primarily an industrial chemical with a wide range of applications .

· Chemical Production: Used in manufacturing unsaturated polyester resins, polyurethanes, and plasticizers.

· Solvent: Serves as a solvent for nitrocellulose, resins, dyes, oils, and in applications like printing inks and textile processing .

· Specialty Applications: Functions as a humectant (moisturizer) for products like tobacco and glue, and as a dehydrating agent for natural gas . It is also a component in brake fluids, lubricants, and antifreeze formulations .

 

Important Note on Personal Care Use: Pure Diethylene Glycol is not a common ingredient in modern cosmetics due to its toxicity. A chemically related compound, Diethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether (INCI: Ethoxydiglycol), is used as a solvent and penetration enhancer but is subject to restrictions in the EU and UK .

Origin:

DEG is a synthetic compound. It is produced industrially as a co-product during the manufacture of ethylene glycol (MEG), via the partial hydrolysis of ethylene oxide .

What does Diethylene Glycol do in a formulation?

In formulations where it is used, its primary technical functions include acting as a solvent, humectant, and viscosity-controlling agent

  Safety Profile:

· Toxicity: DEG is toxic to humans and can cause kidney failure, metabolic acidosis, and death if ingested, even in relatively small amounts . It has been responsible for multiple fatal poisoning epidemics historically when mistakenly used in medicines and consumables .

· Regulatory Status: Its use is severely restricted in food, drugs, and cosmetics. Regulations typically allow only trace amounts (e.g., <0.2%) as an impurity in other ingredients like polyethylene glycol . It is not an ingredient for routine cosmetic formulation.

· Hazards: It is combustible and can be a mild skin and eye irritant.

Technical profile:

Property	Values
Appearance	Colorless, odorless, viscous oily liquid
pH	~5.5-7.0 (50 mg/mL in water)
Boiling Point	244 - 245 °C
Melting Point	-10.45 °C
Density	1.118 g/mL at 25°C
Solubility	Miscible with water, alcohol, and ether

 

Summary:

Diethylene Glycol (DEG) is an industrial solvent and chemical intermediate with significant human toxicity. Its direct use in personal care is highly uncommon and regulated due to safety risks.

 

CAS Number:

67-56-1

Chem/ IUPAC Name: 

Methanol

Molecular Formula:

CH3OH

Molecular Weight:

32.04 g/mol

Uses:

Methanol is the simplest alcohol, a light, volatile, colorless, and flammable liquid with a distinctive odor. It is a key commodity chemical with a vast range of applications, primarily as a building block for other chemicals.

· Chemical Feedstock: Its primary use is as a raw material in the production of formaldehyde, acetic acid, and various plastics like polyethylene terephthalate (PET).

· Fuel: Used directly as a fuel (e.g., in racing cars), in fuel blends, and is the primary feedstock for producing biodiesel via transesterification and for advanced methanol-to-gasoline processes.

· Industrial Solvent: An effective solvent in paints, coatings, inks, and for general industrial cleaning and degreasing.

· Antifreeze: A component in automotive windshield washer fluid and other antifreeze mixtures.

· Energy Carrier: Gaining attention as a potential liquid carrier for hydrogen in the energy transition.

Origin:

Historically produced from the destructive distillation of wood (hence the name "wood alcohol"). Modern industrial production is almost exclusively via the catalytic hydrogenation of carbon monoxide from synthesis gas (syngas), derived from natural gas, coal, or biomass.

What does Methanol do in a formulation?

Its primary functions are:

• Chemical Intermediate / Raw Material
• Industrial Solvent
• Fuel / Fuel Component
• Antifreeze Agent
• Denaturant for ethanol

Safety Profile:

· Hazard Classification: Highly flammable liquid and vapor. Toxic if swallowed, in contact with skin, or if inhaled. Causes severe eye damage.

· Primary Hazards:

  · High Flammability: Flash point of only 11-12°C (52-54°F). V

 

 

CAS Number:

64-17-5

Chem/INCI Name: 

Alcohol (Denat.) or Ethanol

Other Names:

Ethyl Alcohol, Absolute Alcohol, Grain Alcohol

Molecular Formula:

C2H6O

Molecular Weight:

46.07 g/mol

 

Uses:

It is a versatile solvent, disinfectant, and chemical intermediate.

· Personal Care & Cosmetics: Used as an antiseptic in hand sanitizers, a solvent for fragrances and extracts, and an astringent in toners and aftershaves.

· Pharmaceuticals: A key solvent and preservative in liquid medicines, tinctures, and disinfectants.

· Industrial & Laboratory: Essential solvent for coatings, inks, and chemical synthesis. Used as a processing agent in molecular biology and analytical chemistry.

· Consumer Products: Base ingredient for alcoholic beverages (when food-grade) and fuel.

Origin:

Ethanol is typically a synthetic chemical produced by the catalytic hydration of ethylene. It can also be produced via the natural fermentation of sugars from plant sources like corn or sugarcane (bio-ethanol).

What does Ethanol (≥99%) do in a formulation?

Its primary functions are:

• Solvent (Primary role)
• Antiseptic / Antimicrobial
• Astringent
• Preservative

Safety Profile:

· Hazard Classification: Highly flammable liquid and vapor. Causes serious eye irritation.

· Exposure Limits: Specific occupational limits exist due to flammability and potential central nervous system effects from inhalation.

· Toxicity: Toxic if ingested in significant quantities. Use in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products is strictly regulated.

· Handling: Requires storage away from ignition sources in well-ventilated areas. Use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE).

 

Technical profile:

Property	Values
Appearance	Colorless, clear liquid
Odor	Characteristic, mild alcoholic odor
Grade	Available in Technical, Absolute, and various reagent grades (e.g., ACS)
Assay/Purity	≥99% - ≥99.5%
Boiling Point	78 °C
Melting Point	-114 °C
Density	~0.790 g/mL at 25°C
Refractive Index	~1.360 (n20/D)
Vapor Pressure	44.6 - 59 hPa at 20°C
Flash Point	13 - 14 °C (55 - 57 °F)
Solubility	Miscible with water and many organic solvents

 

 

 

 

CAS Number:

64-17-5

Chem/INCI Name: 

Alcohol (Denat.) or Ethanol

Molecular Formula:

C2H6O

Molecular Weight:

46.07 g/mol

Uses:

A versatile solvent and disinfectant, commonly supplied as 96% v/v (vol/vol). The key property of this concentration is that it is an azeotrope, meaning it cannot be further purified by simple distillation. It is widely used in:

 

· Personal Care & Cosmetics: Acts as a solvent, astringent, and carrier for fragrances and active ingredients. It is also a core component in hand sanitizers and disinfectants.

· Laboratory & Analytical Chemistry: Employed as a primary solvent for precipitation, extraction, and analysis due to its purity and reproducibility.

· Industrial & Technical: Used in the production of inks, coatings, detergents, and as a general-purpose solvent.

 

Origin:

Ethanol is produced either by fermentation of biomass (sugars from crops like corn or sugarcane) or by synthetic processes such as the catalytic hydration of ethylene.

What does Ethanol 96% do in a formulation?

Its primary functions are:

• Solvent (for dissolving other substances)
• Antimicrobial (disinfectant)
• Astringent (skin-tightening)
• Viscosity Decreasing Agent

Safety Profile:

· Hazard Classification: Highly flammable liquid and vapor. Causes serious eye irritation.

· Primary Hazards: Flammable, with a flash point as low as 17°C. Vapors are heavier than air and can travel to ignition sources.

· Safety Precautions: Requires storage in well-ventilated areas away from heat and open flames. Use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE).

 

Technical profile:

Property	Values
Appearance	Colorless, clear liquid
Odor	Characteristic alcoholic odor
Boiling Point	78°C - 78.5°C
Melting Point	-114°C
Density	0.805 - 0.812 g/mL at 20°C
Refractive Index	~1.361 (n20/D)
Vapor Pressure	44.6 mmHg at 20°C
Flash Point	17°C (closed cup)
Assay (Ethanol Content)	95.5% - 96.9% (v/v)
Water Content	~4% (by volume, as part of the azeotrope)

 

 

 

 

CAS Number:

111-76-2

Chemical Classification:

Glycol ether solvent

Molecular Formula:

C6H14O2

Molecular Weight:

118.18 g/mol

 

Uses:

It functions as a solvent for chemical production and as a component in various industrial/commercial products.

· Primary Use: An industrial solvent used in the manufacturing of coatings (lacquers, paints, varnish) and inks.

· Industrial & Consumer Product Component: Found in cleaning products, cosmetics, hydraulic fluids, and firefighting foam formulations.

· Chemical Production: Used for organic synthesis.

Origin:

Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether is a synthetic chemical. It is produced industrially through the etherification of ethylene glycol.

What does ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOBUTYL ETHER  do in a formulation?

Its primary functions are as a solvent and viscosity-controlling agent.

Safety Profile:

This is a hazardous chemical requiring strict controls. It is not a common ingredient in modern cosmetics.

Toxicity & Health Hazards:

· Fatal if inhaled.

· Toxic if swallowed or in contact with skin. Animal studies show an oral LD50 of 470 mg/kg in rats.

· Causes damage to organs (e.g., kidneys, liver, central nervous system) through prolonged or repeated exposure.

· Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child.

· Vapors irritate eyes and respiratory tract; skin contact causes headache, nausea, dizziness.

 

Exposure Limits:

 

· NIOSH Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH): 700 ppm.

· Chronic Inhalation Reference Exposure Level (REL): 82 µg/m³.

 

Physical Hazards:

 

· Flammable Liquid. Flash point is 67-68°C (152-160°F).

· Autoignition Temperature: ~473°F (245°C).

· Explosive Limits in Air: 1.1% to 10.6%.

 

First Aid: Immediate measures include fresh air for inhalation, rinsing skin/eyes with water, and seeking immediate medical attention if ingested without inducing vomiting.

 

Technical profile:

Property	Values
Appearance	Colorless, clear liquid with a mild, pleasant odor
Purity	Commercial grades are ≥99%
Boiling Point	169 - 172.5 °C
Melting Point	-75 °C
Density	0.902 g/mL at 25°C
Refractive Index (n20/D)	1.419
Viscosity (kinematic)	3.642 cSt at 20°C
pH (20°C in H?O)	~7

 

Solubility & Volatility:

· Water Solubility: Completely miscible.

· Vapor Density: 4.1 (vs air) – heavier than air, vapors collect in low areas.

· Vapor Pressure: <1 mmHg at 20°C.

 

Summary:

ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (2-butoxyethanol) is a hazardous industrial solvent with significant toxicity. It is used in coatings, cleaners, and chemical synthesis but poses severe health and flammability risks, requiring professional handling.

 

 

 

CAS Number:

64742-47-8

Chemical Name:

Hydrotreated Light Distillate / Dearomatized Hydrocarbon

Synonyms:

Low odor dearomatized hydrocarbon, Hydrotreated kerosene, C13-14 isoparaffin, Mineral spirits D80

Molecular Weight:

~172 g/mol

Uses:

Exxsol D80 is a clear, low-aromatic hydrocarbon solvent with a narrow boiling range, replacing traditional solvents like mineral or white spirits. Its key properties of good solvency, low odor, and low toxicity make it ideal for diverse industrial applications:

· Industrial Cleaning: Metalworking, degreasing, and blanket wash due to its high degreasing strength.

· Coatings and Inks: Used in paints, coatings, inks, and adhesives formulations.

· Consumer & Specialty Products: Base solvent in aerosols, mold release agents, and various consumer products.

Origin:

Exxsol D80 is a flammable, refined petroleum product, specifically a hydrotreated dearomatized solvent. It consists mainly of isoparaffins, paraffins, and cycloparaffins, with very low aromatic content (typically <1%).

What does Exxsol™ D80  do in a formulation?

In formulations, its primary functions are as a:

• Industrial Solvent
• Chemical Intermediate / Raw Material
• Degreasing Agent
• Diluent and Carrier

Safety Profile:

· Hazard Classification: Flammable Liquid.

· Primary Hazards: High flammability, with a flash point of 83°C (181°F). Vapors can form explosive mixtures with air (0.6% - 5.0% by volume).

· Safety Precautions: Use in well-ventilated areas away from ignition sources. Avoid prolonged skin contact and inhalation. Refer to the specific Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for detailed handling and storage instructions.

Technical profile:

Property	Values
Appearance	Clear, colorless liquid
Odor	Slight
Aromatic Content	<1%
Boiling Point	207 - 237 °C (405 - 459 °F)
Density	~0.80 (Water = 1) at 15.6°C, or ~6.68 lb/gal
Flash Point	83 °C (181 °F)
Auto-ignition Temperature	~228 °C
Vapor Pressur	~0.01 kPa at 20°C
Solubility in Water	Negligible
Viscosity (Kinematic)	~1.7 mm²/s at 40°C

 

 

 

CAS Number:

141-43-5

Chemical / IUPAC Name:

2-Aminoethanol

Molecular Formula:

C2H7NO / HO-CH2-CH2-NH2

Molecular Weight:

61.08 g/mol

Uses:

A colorless, viscous, and highly hygroscopic organic compound that is both a primary amine and a primary alcohol. This bifunctional nature makes it a highly reactive and versatile chemical intermediate with several key industrial applications:

· Gas Treatment: The largest industrial use is as a scrubbing agent for removing acidic gases like carbon dioxide (CO?) and hydrogen sulfide (H?S) from natural gas, refinery gas, and synthesis gas streams (a process called gas sweetening or amine scrubbing).

· Chemical Production: A crucial raw material for manufacturing surfactants, emulsifiers, and polishes used in detergents and personal care products. It is also used to produce ethyleneamines.

· Cosmetic & Personal Care: Functions as a pH adjuster, emulsifier, and corrosion inhibitor in various formulations.

· Other Applications: Used in agrochemicals, textile processing, and as a corrosion inhibitor in metalworking fluids.

Origin:

Monoethanolamine is produced on an industrial scale by reacting ethylene oxide (EO) with aqueous ammonia. The reaction yields a mixture of ethanolamines (MEA, DEA, TEA), which are then separated by distillation.

What does Monoethanolamine do in a formulation?

its primary functions are:

• Chemical Intermediate / Raw Material (for surfactants, emulsifiers)
• Alkalinity Source / pH Regulator
• Corrosion Inhibitor
• Acid Gas Absorbent / Scrubber
• Emulsifying Agent
• Solvent

Safety Profile:

· Hazard Classification: Corrosive, causes severe skin burns and eye damage. Also classified as flammable and toxic if ingested.

· Primary Hazards:

  · Corrosive: Contact with skin, eyes, or mucous membranes causes severe chemical burns.

  · Flammable: Flash point of 93°C (200°F). Vapors can form explosive mixtures with air.

  · Toxic: Harmful if inhaled or swallowed.

· Safety Precautions: Handle with extreme care. Use appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) including chemical-resistant gloves, goggles, and face shield. Ensure good ventilation. Avoid contact with acids, as the reaction is exothermic. It readily absorbs carbon dioxide from the air.

Technical profile:

Property	Values
Appearance	Clear, colorless to slightly yellow, viscous liquid
Odor	Characteristic amine-like, ammoniacal odor
Assay (Purity)	Typically 85%, 99%, or 99.5+%
Water Content	Varies with grade (e.g., <0.5% in 99% grade)
Boiling Point	170.9 °C (339.6 °F) at 760 mmHg
Melting Point	10.5 °C (50.9 °F)
Density	1.012 g/cm³ at 20°C
Flash Point	93 °C (200 °F) (Closed Cup)
Auto-ignition Temperature	410 °C (770 °F)
Vapor Pressure	0.4 mmHg at 20°C
Solubility	Fully miscible with water, methanol, acetone. Slightly soluble in ether and hydrocarbons.
Viscosity	24.1 mPa·s at 20°C
pH	Strongly alkaline; a 0.1 N aqueous solution has a pH of ~11.7

 

 

 

CAS Number:

102-71-6

Chemical / IUPAC Name:

2,2′,2′′-Nitrilotri(ethan-1-ol) or Tris(2-hydroxyethyl)amine

Molecular Formula:

C6H15NO3 / N(CH2CH2OH)3

Molecular Weight:

149.19 g/mol

Uses:

A versatile, viscous organic compound that is both a tertiary amine and a triol. It is a key ingredient in many industrial and consumer products due to its ability to act as an emulsifier, pH adjuster, and surfactant.

· Surfactants & Cleaning Products: A crucial component in liquid laundry detergents, dishwashing liquids, general cleaners, and degreasers for emulsifying oils and fats.

· Cosmetics & Personal Care: Widely used in shampoos, shaving cream, lotions, and sunscreens to stabilize emulsions, adjust pH, and improve texture.

· Industrial Applications: Used as a grinding aid in cement production, a corrosion inhibitor in metalworking fluids, and an ingredient in paints and inks.

· Other Uses: Serves as a chemical intermediate, a complexing agent in laboratories, and in gas treatment processes.

Origin:

Triethanolamine is produced industrially by the reaction of ethylene oxide with aqueous ammonia. This process co-produces monoethanolamine (MEA) and diethanolamine (DEA), with the product ratio controlled by the stoichiometry of the reactants.

What does Triethanolamine do in a formulation?

its primary functions are:

• Emulsifying Agent (stabilizes mixtures of oil and water)
• pH Adjuster / Buffer
• Surfactant
• Corrosion Inhibitor
• Humectant and Viscosity Controlling Agent

 

Safety Profile:

· Hazard Classification: Generally classified as combustible and an eye irritant (H319). It can cause contact allergy or dermatitis in some individuals.

· Primary Hazards:

  · Combustible Liquid: Flash point of approximately 179°C (354°F).

  · Irritant: Causes serious eye irritation.

· Safety Precautions: Use with adequate ventilation and wear eye/face protection. OSHA's permissible exposure limit (PEL) is set at 5 mg/m³ as an 8-hour time-weighted average.

Technical profile:

Property	Values
Appearance	Colorless to pale yellow, viscous, oily liquid
Odor	Mild, ammoniacal odor
Assay (Purity)	Can be ≥99.0% for analytical grades
Boiling Point	335.4 °C (635.7 °F) at atmospheric pressure
Melting Point	21.6 °C (70.9 °F)
Density	1.124 - 1.13 g/mL at 20-25°C
Flash Point	179 °C (354 °F) - Closed cup
Solubility	Miscible with water and alcohols
Vapor Pressure	Very low (e.g., 0.01 mmHg at 20°C)
pH	Alkaline; a 1% aqueous solution has a pH of approximately 10

 

 

 

CAS Number:

26590-05-6

Chem/ INCI Name: 

Polyquaternium-7

IUPAC / Systematic Name:

Poly(acrylamide-co-diallyldimethylammonium chloride)

Molecular Formula:

(C8H16ClN)n(C3H5NO)m or C11H21ClN2O

Molecular Weight:

~232.75 g/mol (for the monomer unit)

Uses:

Polyquaternium-7 is a synthetic, water-soluble cationic copolymer. Its key property is a strong positive charge that allows it to bind to negatively charged surfaces like hair and skin, providing conditioning and film-forming effects.

· Hair Care: A primary conditioning agent in shampoos, conditioners, and styling products (sprays, mousses, gels). It detangles hair, provides excellent wet-combing slip, adds shine, and controls frizz through antistatic action.

· Skin Care & Personal Care: Used in creams, lotions, body washes, and shaving products to impart a smooth, velvety skin feel, improve slip, and provide moisturization.

· Industrial Applications: Functions as a cationic polyelectrolyte in water treatment for processes like sludge dewatering and as a drainage aid.

Origin:

Polyquaternium-7 is a manufactured polymer. It is synthesized by the copolymerization of two monomers: acrylamide and diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC).

What does Polyquaternium-7  do in a formulation?

In formulations, its primary functions are:

• Hair Conditioning Agent & Detangler
• Antistatic Agent (reduces static and frizz)
• Film Forming Agent (creates a protective, conditioning layer)
• Moisturizing Agent / Humectant
• Viscosity Modifier / Thickener

Safety Profile:

· General Hazard Classification: Considered safe for topical use in cosmetics. It is generally not classified as hazardous under major regulations (e.g., EU CLP). It is not persistent or bioaccumulative.

· Primary Hazards & Sensitization:

  · At concentrations above 5%, it is considered a potential mild irritant or sensitizer for some individuals.

  · People with hypersensitive skin have reported cases of allergic contact dermatitis.

  · Industrial material safety data sheets (SDS) may classify it as hazardous to aquatic life with long-lasting effects (H411, H412).

· Important Safety Note: Commercial products contain a residual amount of the raw material acrylamide (often < 1 ppm), which carries regulatory warnings (e.g., California Prop 65). Finished cosmetic formulations must ensure acrylamide levels are within safe limits.

 

Technical profile:

Property	Values
Appearance	Clear, colorless to pale yellow, viscous liquid
Odor	Faint characteristic odor
Active Content	Often supplied as 8-12% active polymer in water
Recommended Use Level	Typically 0.05% to 5.0% in cosmetic formulations
pH (as supplied)	3.0 - 8.5 (values vary by supplier; common ranges are 3-5 or 6.5-8.5)
Viscosity	7,500 - 25,000 mPa·s (cP) - High variation due to polymer concentration and molecular weight
Density	~1.02 - 1.1 g/mL
Solubility	Soluble in water, glycerin, and propylene glycol
Flash Point	> 100 °C (due to high water content)

 

 

 

 

CAS Number:

68610-92-4 is commonly used in the cosmetics industry. Another CAS number, 81859-24-7, also references the same polymer structure

Chem/ INCI Name: 

Polyquaternium-10

Other Names:

Quaternium-19, cationic hydroxyethyl cellulose

Molecular Formula:

Sources list various formulas, including (C2H4O)n.C6H16NO2.xCl and C18H43NO8S.

Molecular Weight:

Variable, based on polymer chain length. Cited values include ~198, 433.6, and 656.1 g/mol.

Uses:

Polyquaternium-10 is a cationic polymer (positively charged) derived from hydroxyethyl cellulose. Its charge allows it to bind strongly to negatively charged surfaces like hair and skin, providing conditioning and film-forming effects. It is primarily used in:

· Hair Care: A cornerstone ingredient in shampoos, conditioners, and styling products. It provides detangling, reduces static and frizz, adds shine, and improves the feel of damaged hair.

· Skin Care: Used in lotions, creams, and cleansers as an emollient and moisturizer. It leaves skin feeling smooth and helps retain moisture.

· Other Products: Found in shaving gels, makeup (foundation, primer), and bath products for its skin-smoothing and formula-stabilizing properties.

Origin:

Polyquaternium-10 is a synthetic polymer. It is produced industrially by chemically modifying hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) with a trimethyl ammonium group.

What does Polyquaternium-10 do in a formulation?

In formulations, its primary functions are:

• Hair & Skin Conditioning Agent
• Antistatic Agent
• Film Forming Agent
• Emollient
• Viscosity Modifier / Thickener

Safety Profile:

· General Hazard Classification: Considered safe for topical cosmetic use. Reviews by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel confirm its safety at typical use concentrations.

· Irritation Potential: It is generally non-irritating and non-sensitizing. However, concentrations above 5% can cause mild irritation to skin and eyes.

 

CAS Number:

73398-61-5

Chem/ INCI Name: 

Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride

Common Synonyms:

Fractionated Coconut Oil, MCT Oil (Medium Chain Triglyceride Oil).

Molecular Formula:

A mixture, primarily C11H22O6(for a triglyceride with 2 caprylic & 1 capric acids) to C21H40O6 (for a triglyceride with 3 capric acids)

Molecular Weight:

~ 502 - 554 g/mol (varies with fatty acid composition).

Common Synonyms:

Fractionated Coconut Oil, MCT Oil (Medium Chain Triglyceride Oil).

Uses:

A clear, colorless, and odorless oily liquid derived from coconut or palm kernel oil. It is valued for its excellent oxidative stability, light texture, and non-greasy skin feel.

· Cosmetics & Personal Care: A premier emollient in moisturizers, creams, lotions, sunscreens, lipsticks, and hair conditioners. Also used as a solvent for active ingredients and UV filters.

· Pharmaceuticals: Used as a carrier oil in soft gel capsules and topical formulations due to its excellent solvent properties and good skin penetration.

· Food & Nutrition: The basis for Medium Chain Triglyceride (MCT) Oils used in dietary supplements and medical nutrition.

Origin:

It is a semi-synthetic lipid (fat) produced by the esterification of glycerin with a mixture of caprylic (C8) and capric (C10) fatty acids. These fatty acids are obtained from the fractionation of natural coconut or palm kernel oil.

What does Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride do in a formulation?

• Emollient & Skin Conditioning Agent: Provides a smooth, soft, and non-greasy skin feel
• Solvent: Excellent solvent for lipophilic (oil-soluble) active ingredients and fragrances.
• Carrier Oil: Acts as a vehicle for other ingredients.
• Viscosity Modifier: Can be used to adjust the thickness of a product.

Safety Profile:

· General Hazard Classification: Considered extremely safe and non-toxic. It is approved for use in food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics worldwide.

· Irritation & Sensitization: Generally recognized as non-irritating and non-sensitizing to skin and eyes. It is non-comedogenic (does not clog pores).

· Key Consideration: It has excellent stability and a very long shelf life, resisting rancidity.

Technical profile:

Property	Values
Appearance (50% aq. solution)	Clear, colorless to pale yellow, oily liquid
Odor	Odorless
Acid Value	≤ 0.1 mg KOH/g
Iodine Value	≤ 1.0 g I?/100g
Peroxide Value	≤ 0.5 meq/kg
Density	0.945 - 0.955 g/cm³ at 20°C
Refractive Index	1.448 - 1.452 at 20°C
Saponification Value	325 - 365 mg KOH/g
Solidification Point	-10°C to 5°C
Viscosity	25 - 33 mPa·s at 20°C
Solubility	Soluble in oils and organic solvents. Insoluble in water

 

 

 

CAS Number:

61790-81-6

Chem/ INCI Name: 

PEG-75 Lanolin

Other Names:

Laneth-15 (older nomenclature)

Molecular Formula:

Complex mixture; generally represented as (C2H4O)n, where n averages 75 units per lanolin molecule.

Molecular Weight:

~3,300 g/mol (average)

Uses:

A clear, water-soluble derivative of lanolin that retains its skin-conditioning benefits while overcoming the original's greasiness and insolubility. It is a multi-functional ingredient in personal care and cosmetic formulations:

· Skin & Hair Care: Found in moisturizers, lotions, creams, shampoos (especially baby formulas), conditioners, shaving creams, and liquid soaps for its gentle, conditioning properties.

· Makeup & Fragrances: Used in makeup bases and perfumes to improve stability and skin feel.

· Pharmaceuticals: Present in ointments and topical medical preparations.

Origin:

PEG-75 Lanolin is not found in nature. It is a semi-synthetic polymer created through the chemical modification of natural lanolin.

Synthesized by reacting lanolin (from sheep's wool grease) with ethylene oxide (about 75 moles on average) in a process called ethoxylation.

What does PEG-75 Lanolin do in a formulation?

• Surfactant - Emulsifying Agent: Helps mix oil and water phases, stabilizing the formula.
• Solubilizer: Helps dissolve oils and fragrances in water-based products.
• Skin & Hair Conditioning Agent: Provides a smooth, soft, non-greasy feel.
• Emollient: Softens and smoothes the skin.
• Viscosity Modifier: Can help thicken or control the flow of a product.

Safety Profile:

· General Hazard Classification: Regarded as safe for use in cosmetics according to expert panel reviews. It has low acute oral and dermal toxicity.

· Irritation & Sensitization: Generally considered non-irritating and non-sensitizing to skin and eyes at typical use concentrations.

· Environmental Hazard: Can be hazardous to aquatic life (often classified with hazard statements H410 or H411).

· Key Consideration: The ethoxylation process can leave trace amounts of 1,4-dioxane, a known contaminant and potential carcinogen. High-quality manufacturers use purification techniques (e.g., stripping) to minimize this to safe levels.

Technical profile:

Property	Values
Appearance (50% aq. solution)	Clear to slightly hazy, pale yellow to amber viscous liquid.
Odor	Characteristic, mild (not the typical lanolin odor)
Active Content	Often supplied as a 50% active solution in water
pH (as supplied)	4.0 - 7.0
Melting Point	46 - 54°C (for the solid form)
Solubility	Soluble in water, alcohol, and glycerin. Unlike pure lanolin, it is insoluble in mineral oil.
HLB Value	~15, indicating it is water-soluble and functions well as an O/W (oil-in-water) emulsifier.

 

 

 

 

CAS Number:

110-27-0

Chemical / IUPAC Name:

Propan-2-yl tetradecanoate

INCI Name:

Isopropyl Myristate

Molecular Formula:

C17H34O2

Molecular Weight:

270.45 g/mol

Uses:

Isopropyl Myristate is a clear, low-viscosity, oily liquid that is a common emollient and solvent in personal care products. It is valued for its light, non-greasy skin feel.

· Cosmetics & Personal Care: A key ingredient in lotions, creams, moisturizers, hair conditioners, and sunscreens for its skin-softening properties. It is present in nearly 4% of cosmetics, commonly in dry shampoos, hair dyes, and deodorant sprays.

· Pharmaceuticals: Used in topical preparations as a penetration enhancer to help active ingredients absorb through the skin.

· Fragrances & Perfumery: Acts as a solvent and diluent for perfume oils and as a base for products like linen sprays.

· Other Uses: Found in treatments for head lice, pet flea/tick products, and two-phase mouthwashes.

Origin:

It is the ester formed from isopropyl alcohol and myristic acid. Industrially, it is synthesized via the esterification of these two components. Myristic acid can be derived from vegetable sources like coconut oil.

What does Isopropyl Myristate do in a formulation?

According to INCI (International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredients), its main functions are:

• Emollient: Softens and smooths the skin.
• Solvent and Perfuming Agent: Dissolves and carries fragrance materials.
• Masking Agent: Reduces or masks undesirable base odors.

Binding Agent: Helps ensure cohesion of different ingredients.

Safety Profile:

· General Hazard Classification: Considered to have low acute toxicity. It is not classified as hazardous for transport and is generally safe for topical use in cosmetics.

· Primary Hazards: It is a combustible liquid. Classified as an irritant (H315) that may cause skin irritation.

· Important Safety Note: Isopropyl myristate is frequently classified as comedogenic, meaning it can clog pores and potentially worsen acne, especially when used in high concentrations.

Technical profile:

Property	Values
Appearance	Colorless to pale yellow, clear liquid
Odor	Faint, characteristic, or practically odorless
Purity / Assay	Often ≥98% or 99% min
Boiling Point	167°C at 9 mmHg or 192-194°C at 20 mmHg. These are equivalent measurements at different pressures
Melting / Freezing Point	Approx. 3°C to -3°C
Density	0.85 g/cm³ at 20-25°C
Flash Point	152-164°C (306-327°F) - Closed cup
Solubility	Immiscible with water. Miscible with alcohols, oils, and most organic solvents.
Viscosity	4.8 cP at 25°C
Refractive Index	1.433 - 1.438 at 20°C

 

 

 

CAS Number:

8006-54-0

INCI Name:

Lanolin

Molecular Formula:

 Complex mixture of esters, alcohols, and fatty acids; often represented as C34H68O2 for simplification

Other Names:

Wool wax, wool grease, Adeps Lanae, anhydrous lanolin

EC Number:

232-348-6

Uses:

A natural, wax-like substance secreted by the sebaceous glands of sheep, coating their wool. It serves as a powerful protective and moisturizing agent with diverse applications:

 

· Personal Care & Cosmetics: Widely used in creams, lotions, lip balms, shaving creams, and makeup for its exceptional moisturizing and emollient properties.

· Topical Pharmaceuticals & Wound Care: A key ingredient in ointment bases, diaper rash products, hemorrhoid creams, and nipple creams for breastfeeding mothers. It is used to soothe chapped skin, protect minor skin irritations, and support wound healing.

· Industrial Uses: Functions as a lubricant, rust-proof coating, leather treatment, and additive in polishes and textiles

Origin

Lanolin is obtained as a by-product of wool production. It is extracted from shorn wool by washing it with detergents or solvents to remove the wax, followed by a series of purification and bleaching steps to yield refined lanolin. It is a renewable resource obtained without harming the sheep

What does Lanolin do in a formulation?

Its primary functions are:

 

• Emollient: Softens and smooths the skin.
• Moisturising / Occlusive Agent: Forms a protective, breathable barrier on the skin that prevents moisture loss.
• Skin Conditioning Agent.
• Emulsifying & Stabilising Agent: Helps bind oil and water phases.

Safety Profile:

· Safety Assessment: Generally recognized as safe for topical use in cosmetics and OTC drugs by regulatory bodies when properly purified.

· Allergenicity: A small percentage of the population (estimated 1.8%-2.5% in some studies) may have a lanolin allergy or sensitivity. Highly purified (e.g., "super-refined") grades are available for hypoallergenic products.

· Toxicity Warning: Lanolin is harmful if swallowed and can cause poisoning symptoms like diarrhea and vomiting. It should only be used topically.

· Important Note: Trace contaminants like pesticides from sheep husbandry can be present. Quality manufacturers use rigorous purification to minimize residues.

Technical profile:

Property	Values
Appearance	Yellow, unctuous, waxy substance
Odor	Characteristic, mild
Melting Point	38-44°C
Solubility	Insoluble in water
pH	5.5-7.0
Viscosity	High
Water Absorption	Can absorb more than 200% of its weight in water

 

 

 

 

 

 

CAS Numbers / IUPAC Names :

Not publicly disclosed for this proprietary blend. (A core element missing for a true SpecialChem entry).

 

Performance & Applications:

· Efficacy: Proven action against bacteria, fungi, and viruses due to its potent phenolic content.

· Key Benefit - Deodorization: Effectively neutralizes malodors.

· Application Areas: After dilution (1+3), it is used as a general-purpose disinfectant for domestic, institutional, and industrial cleaning.

· Use Case: Specifically formulated for high-risk environments like animal husbandry, veterinary premises, and public areas requiring powerful sanitation.

Technical profile:

Property	Values
Physical Form	Viscous black liquid
Odor	Strong phenolic/tar-like odor
Specific Gravity	Approximately 1.05 g/mL
pH	Highly alkaline, approx. 10 ± 1
Packaging	Commonly supplied in 200-210 kg drums
Shelf Life	Up to 24 months for the concentrate (typical industry standard for such products)

 

 

 

Chemical / INCI Name:

Povidone-Iodine

CAS Number:

25655-41-8

 Molecular Formula:

Commonly represented as C?H?NO•I? or (C?H?NO)n•xI

Molecular Weight:

364.94 - 364.95 g/mol

Common Synonyms:

Polyvinylpyrrolidone Iodine (PVP-I); Iodopovidone. Brand names include Betadine, Isodine.

Uses:

A stable chemical complex between the polymer povidone and elemental iodine. The polymer acts as a carrier, providing sustained release of free iodine, the active microbicidal agent, resulting in broad-spectrum antiseptic action with reduced irritation compared to traditional iodine solutions.

 

· Surgical & Medical Disinfection: Standard antiseptic for pre-operative skin disinfection ("skin prep"), surgical hand scrubs, and wound cleansing.

· Wound Care: Used for treating infected wounds, burns, and ulcers.

· Mucous Membrane Disinfection: Applied in gynecology, ophthalmology, and as an oral gargle at appropriate dilutions.

· General Antisepsis: Used for disinfecting skin and minor cuts

Origin

Semi-synthetic. It is produced by the chemical complexation of iodine (I?) with the synthetic polymer Povidone (Polyvinylpyrrolidone or PVP). The polymer ensures water solubility and forms a reservoir for controlled iodine release.

What does Povidone-Iodine do in a formulation?

• Antiseptic / Disinfectant: Its primary function. Kills or inhibits the growth of a wide spectrum of microbes.
• Sustained-Release Agent: Controls the release of the active agent (free iodine), prolonging the effective action time.
• Sanitizing Agent: Provides rapid sanitization of skin and surfaces.

Safety Profile:

· General Hazard Classification: Considered safe and effective for topical use when used as directed. However, it is a hazardous chemical if ingested or in concentrated inhalation.

· Irritation & Sensitization: Can cause local skin and eye irritation. The rate of allergic contact dermatitis is relatively low.

· Key Considerations & Contraindications:

  · Contraindicated in patients with thyroid disorders or known iodine hypersensitivity.

  · Should be avoided in pregnant women (especially after week 32) and nursing mothers, as well as in neonates.

  · Systemic Absorption Risk: Iodine can be absorbed through broken skin or mucous membranes or when used on large areas/long-term, potentially leading to thyroid dysfunction or iodine poisoning.

  · Incompatibilities: Reacts with hydrogen peroxide and reducing agents, which nullifies its efficacy.

Technical profile:

Property	Values
Appearance	Yellow-brown to red-brown amorphous powder (concentrate). Dark brown/chestnut solution when dissolved (e.g., 10%)
Odor	Slight characteristic odor of iodine
Available Iodine Content	9-12% in dry complex. A 10% (w/v) solution typically provides 1% (w/v) available iodine
pH (10% Solution)	Acidic, typically between 1.5 - 4.4
Solubility	Freely soluble in water and ethanol. Practically insoluble in chloroform and ether
Melting Point	Decomposes at ~300 °C
Density	~1.00 - 1.10 g/cm³ (for solution, concentration-dependent)
Viscosity	Slightly viscous liquid
Solubility Details	Soluble in water, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol. Insoluble in chloroform, ether, hexane
Decomposition	Can degrade with prolonged exposure to light or heat, releasing iodine vapors
Shelf Life	Typically 24-36 months when stored in a cool, dark place in a tightly closed container

 

 

 

 

 

 

CAS Number:

18472-51-0

Chem/ INCI Name: 

Chlorhexidine Digluconate (Chlorhexidine Gluconate, CHG)

Common Form:

Typically supplied as an aqueous solution (e.g., 20% w/v)

Molecular Formula:

C22H30Cl2N10 · 2C6H12O7 or C34H54Cl2N10O14

Molecular Weight:

897.76 g/mol

Uses:

Chlorhexidine Digluconate is a cationic broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent from the bis(biguanide) family. It is the most common water-soluble salt form of chlorhexidine, widely used as a topical antiseptic and disinfectant.

 

· Healthcare Antisepsis: The gold-standard antiseptic for skin disinfection before surgeries, injections, and catheter insertions to prevent infections.

· Oral Care: Used in prescription mouthwashes and chips to treat gingivitis and periodontal disease.

· General Disinfection & Preservation: Found in surgical scrubs, hand soaps, wound cleansers, and as a preservative in some cosmetics and pharmaceutical products.

What does Chlorhexidine Digluconate  do in a formulation?

 

· Antimicrobial Agent / Preservative: Its primary function. It acts by binding to and destabilizing microbial cell membranes, causing cell content leakage and death.

· Substantivity: Binds to skin and mucous membranes (like in the mouth), providing prolonged residual antimicrobial activity even after rinsing.

Safety Profile:

· General Toxicity: Considered safe for topical use with low systemic absorption. However, concentrated solutions are for dilution only and can cause severe eye damage.

· Allergic Reactions: Can cause rare but serious allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis. The FDA mandates warnings on labels.

· Specific Warnings:

  · Aquatic Toxicity: Very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects.

  · Use in Infants: Safety not fully established for infants under 2 months; use in preterm infants requires caution.

  · Oral Ingestion: Toxic if swallowed; small amounts can cause gastric distress in children.

Technical profile:

Property	Values
Appearance	Colorless to pale yellow clear liquid
Assay/Concentration	18.0 - 21.0% w/w
Density	~1.06 - 1.07 g/mL at 20-25°C
pH	Stable in neutral aqueous solutions
Solubility	Miscible with water, ethanol, and acetone
Storage & Handling	· Storage Temperature: Refrigerated (2-8°C). · Sensitivity: Sensitive to light and heat. · Incompatibilities: Strong oxidizing agents.

 

 

 

CAS Number:

8001-54-5. Also listed under 63449-41-2 for specific compositions.

Chem/IUPAC Name: 

Benzalkonium chloride (BKC, BAC)

Common Product Code:

 BC50, BAC50

Molecular Formula:

Commonly represented as C21H38ClN for the C12 (dodecyl) chain component.

Molecular Weight:

339.98 - 340.00 g/mol

Common Synonyms:

Alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (ADBAC), Quaternary ammonium compound.

Uses:

It is a concentrated aqueous solution of a cationic surfactant from the quaternary ammonium compound family. It is a powerful and broad-spectrum biocide, disinfectant, and preservative. It acts by disrupting microbial cell membranes. Common applications include:

 

· Disinfection & Sanitization: Active ingredient in hospital-grade surface disinfectants, hand sanitizers, and antiseptic wipes.

· Pharmaceutical & Personal Care Preservative: Used in eye/ear/nasal drops, shampoos, wet wipes, and cosmetics at very low final concentrations.

· Industrial Applications: Used as a phase-transfer catalyst, algaecide in water treatment, and corrosion inhibitor.

Origin:

It is a semi-synthetic organic salt. Industrially produced by reacting alkyl dimethyl amines (with C8-C18 chains) with benzyl chloride. The 50% solution is typically purely aqueous.

What does Benzalkonium Chloride 50% do in a formulation?

Primary Functions in a Formulation:

 

• Antimicrobial Agent / Biocide: Primary function; kills bacteria, fungi, algae, and enveloped viruses.
• Preservative: Prevents microbial growth in aqueous products.
• Cationic Surfactant: Provides emulsifying, antistatic, and cleaning properties.
• Phase Transfer Agent: Facilitates reactions in chemical synthesis.

 

Safety Profile:

· Hazard Classification: D. Classified as corrosive, causing severe skin burns, eye damage, and toxic if swallowed. It is also hazardous to aquatic life.

· Irritation & Sensitization: A severe skin and eye irritant. A maximum concentration of 0.1% is considered non-irritating to intact skin.

· Key Considerations:

  · NEVER use the concentrated solution directly on skin or eyes. It is for dilution only.

  · Can cause respiratory irritation and has been linked to occupational asthma.

  · Incompatible with soaps, anionic detergents, strong oxidizing agents, and certain metals.

Technical profile:

Property	Values
Appearance	Clear, colorless to pale yellow viscous liquid
Active Content	47.5% - 52.5% w/v (50% solution)
Odor	Slight aromatic odor
Specific Gravity / Density	~0.98 g/cm³ at 20°C
pH	Aqueous solutions are neutral to slightly alkaline
Typical Composition	A mixture primarily of C12 (dodecyl, ~40-70%) and C14 (tetradecyl, ~20-40%) alkyl chain derivatives
Solubility	Miscible with water and lower alcohols (methanol, ethanol). Immiscible with ether
Storage & Stability	· Store at controlled room temperature (15-25°C is common). · Low-Temperature Note: May form a gel or precipitate if stored below ~15°C. · Shelf Life: Up to 5 years when stored properly

 

 

 

CAS Number:

122-99-6

Chem/IUPAC Name: 

Phenoxyethanol (2-Phenoxyethanol)

Primary Function:

 Broad-spectrum antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics and consumer products.

Molecular Formula:

C8H10O2

Primary Applications & Uses:

Primarily used as a preservative in:

 

· Cosmetics & Personal Care: Moisturizers, shampoos, sunscreens, baby products (wipes, lotions).

· Household Products: Liquid detergents, air fresheners.

· Industrial Applications: Metalworking fluids, paper processing, disinfectant formulations.

What does Phenoxyethanol (2-Phenoxyethanol) do in a formulation?

 

• Preservative: Prevents the growth of bacteria (both Gram-positive and Gram-negative) and fungi.
• Stabilizer: Used to stabilize fragrances in perfumes and soaps

 

Safety Profile:

· Safe Use Limit: Considered safe by the European Commission's Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) for use in cosmetics at a maximum concentration of 1% for all age groups.

· Irritation & Sensitization: While widely used and generally well-tolerated, it has been reported to rarely cause skin allergic reactions ranging from eczema to anaphylaxis.

· Effects on Infants: The U.S. FDA has previously warned against the use of a specific nipple cream containing it by nursing mothers, as it could cause central nervous system depression in infants if ingested.

Technical profile:

Property	Values
Appearance	Clear, colorless liquid
Purity	Often ≥ 99.5% for cosmetic grade
pH	5.5 - 7.0 (for pure Phenoxyethanol)

 

 

 

CAS Number:

100-51-6

Chem/ INCI Name: 

Benzyl Alcohol

Common Synonyms:

Phenylmethanol, Benzenemethanol

Molecular Formula:

C7H8O

Molecular Weight:

108.14 g/mol

Uses:

Benzyl alcohol is a colorless liquid with a mild, pleasant aroma. It functions as an effective broad-spectrum antimicrobial preservative and a versatile solvent. Its primary applications are in:

· Cosmetics & Personal Care: Used as a preservative (typically at 0.5% to 2%) in creams, lotions, shampoos, and serums to prevent microbial growth. It is also used as a fragrance ingredient and solvent.

· Pharmaceuticals: Serves as a bacteriostatic preservative in intravenous medications and topical drugs.

· Industrial Applications: A common solvent for inks, paints, lacquers, and epoxy resin coatings. It is also a key precursor in the synthesis of various esters for perfumes and flavors.

Origin:

It can be found naturally in some fruits and teas. Synthetically, it is produced industrially from toluene, often via benzyl chloride hydrolysis or benzaldehyde hydrogenation.

What does Benzyl Alcohol  do in a formulation?

 

As defined by SpecialChem, its primary functions are: Antimicrobial, Preservative, Perfuming, Solvent, and Viscosity Controlling.

Safety Profile:

· General Safety: Recognized as safe for use in cosmetics and personal care products within recommended concentrations (often up to 2% as a preservative).

· Irritation & Sensitization: Considered one of the least sensitizing preservatives, though high concentrations can be drying or irritating. Hazard classifications typically include warnings for being harmful if swallowed and causing serious eye irritation.

· Critical Restrictions: Toxic to neonates (associated with "gasping syndrome") and must be avoided in products for this group. Its preservative efficacy is limited to formulations with a pH below 5.5. In perfumery, its use is restricted (e.g., to 2.5% in certain categories) due to sensitization potential.

Technical profile:

Property	Values
Appearance	Colorless to pale yellow clear liquid
Purity/Assay	Available as ≥95%, >99.0%(GC), or 99.8% (anhydrous)
Odor	Slightly aromatic, pleasant
Density	~1.045 g/mL at 25°C
Refractive Index	~1.539
Boiling Point	203-205 °C
Melting Point	-15 °C to -13 °C
Solubility	Soluble in water (~40 g/L at 20°C). Miscible with alcohol, ether, and chloroform
Flash Point	~101 °C (closed cup)
pH	Approximately neutral (pH 7.0 for pure substance)

 

 

 

CAS Number:

133-53-9

Chem/ INCI Name: 

2,4-Dichloro-3,5-dimethylphenol (Dichloro-meta-xylenol)

Common Synonyms:

DCMX; Dichloroxylenol; Decasept; Ottacide

Molecular Formula:

C8H9Cl2O

Molecular Weight:

191.05 - 191.07 g/mol

Uses:

DCMX is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent and disinfectant belonging to the halogenated phenol family. It is a white to yellowish crystalline solid. Its key applications are in:

· Disinfection & Sanitization: Active ingredient in household, institutional, and hospital-grade disinfectants and cleansers.

· Personal Care Preservative: Used as a preservative in antibacterial soaps, hand washes, shampoos, and other personal care products to prevent microbial growth.

· Industrial Applications: Used as a biocide in industrial processes such as papermaking, textiles, adhesives, and coatings.

Origin:

It is a synthetic organic compound produced by the chlorination of 3,5-dimethylphenol (meta-xylenol).

What does DCMX do in a formulation?

 

Its primary functions are as an antimicrobial agent, preservative, disinfectant, and germicide. It works by disrupting microbial cell membranes.

Safety Profile:

· Hazard Classification: Generally classified as corrosive and toxic.

· Hazard Statements (H-phrases): Commonly includes H301 (Toxic if swallowed), H314 (Causes severe skin burns and eye damage), H315 (Causes skin irritation), H319 (Causes serious eye irritation), and H335 (May cause respiratory irritation).

· Key Safety Note: Concentrated material is hazardous. Always handle with appropriate PPE (gloves, eye protection) and follow supplier Safety Data Sheet (SDS) instructions.

Technical profile:

Property	Values
Appearance	White to light yellow or grey crystalline powder/flakes
Purity/Assay	Typically ≥ 98.0%
Odor	Slight phenolic odor
Density	~1.34 g/cm³
Melting Point	Ranges reported from 83°C to 116°C
Solubility	· In Water: Very low, approximately 0.2 g/L at 20°C. · In Organic Solvents: Soluble in alcohols, ethers, ketones, and alkaline solutions.
Storage & Stability	· Shelf Life: Up to 2-5 years when stored properly. · Storage: Store in a tightly closed container in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area.

 

 

 

CAS Number:

8001-54-5

Chem/IUPAC Name: 

Benzalkonium chloride (BKC, BAC)

Common Product Code:

 BC80

Molecular Formula:

C17H30ClN (for the C12 alkyl chain, a major component)

Molecular Weight:

~283.88 g/mol (for C17H30ClN)

Common Synonyms:

Alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (ADBAC). BKC 80%

 

Uses:

Benzalkonium Chloride (BKC) is a cationic surfactant belonging to the quaternary ammonium compound family. The "80%" denotes a concentrated aqueous solution containing 80% active quaternary ammonium compounds by weight. It is a powerful, broad-spectrum biocide and disinfectant known for its rapid action and residual antimicrobial effect on surfaces.

Key Industries & Applications:

· Disinfection & Sanitization: Active ingredient in hospital-grade disinfectants, surface cleaners, hand sanitizers (as an alternative to alcohol), and wound sprays.

· Water Treatment: Used as an algaecide and bactericide in industrial cooling water systems.

· Personal Care & Pharmaceuticals: Preservative in eye drops, nasal sprays, shampoos, wet wipes, and cosmetics at very low concentrations (typically 0.004%-0.1%).

· Industrial Processes: Used as an emulsifier, antistatic agent, and phase-transfer catalyst in various chemical syntheses.

Origin:

It is a semi-synthetic organic salt. Industrially, it is produced by the reaction of alkyl dimethyl amines (with even-numbered carbon chains, typically C8-C18) with benzyl chloride. The commercial 80% solution is a viscous liquid often modified with alcohols or glycols to maintain fluidity.

What does Benzalkonium Chloride 80% do in a formulation?

Primary Functions in a Formulation:

 

• Antimicrobial Agent / Biocide: Its core function. Disrupts microbial cell membranes, leading to cell death.
• Preservative: Prevents microbial growth in aqueous products.
• Cationic Surfactant: Provides cleaning, emulsifying, and antistatic properties.
• Phase Transfer Agent: Facilitates reactions between chemicals in different phases in industrial synthesis.

 

Safety Profile:

· Hazard Classification: Danger. Concentrated solutions (like 80%) are highly toxic, corrosive, and can be fatal if ingested.

· Irritation & Sensitization: A severe skin and eye irritant. Can cause allergic contact dermatitis with repeated exposure.

· Key Considerations:

  · Never use the concentrated solution directly on skin, eyes, or mucous membranes. It is for dilution only.

  · A maximum concentration of 0.1% is generally considered non-irritating to intact skin.

  · Contraindicated in certain medical products like solutions for hydrophilic contact lenses.

  · Environmental Hazard: Toxic to aquatic life.

Technical profile:

Property	Values
Appearance	Colorless to pale yellow viscous liquid
Active Content	78% - 82%
Density	Approximately 0.98 g/cm³
pH (1% Aqueous Solution)	6.0 - 9.0
Solubility	Very soluble in water and ethanol
Amine Salt Content	≤ 2.0%
Typical Packaging	200 kg drums

 

Key Incompatibilities:

Reacts with anionic surfactants (soaps), aluminum, citrates, nitrates, and proteins. Incompatible with certain plastics and rubber.

 

 

Chemical Name:

 Glutaraldehyde (Glutaral)

CAS Number:

 111-30-8

Common Product Code:

 G0068

Molecular Formula:

C5H8O2

· Molecular Weight:

100.12 g/mol.

· Common Synonyms:

Pentanedial, Glutaral

Uses:

Glutaraldehyde is a highly effective broad-spectrum biocide and crosslinking agent. The 50% aqueous solution is a concentrated form used as a starting material for various applications.

 

· Disinfection & Sterilization: A high-level disinfectant for medical equipment (e.g., endoscopes) effective against bacteria, viruses, fungi, and bacterial spores.

· Tissue Fixation: A primary fixative for biological specimens in histology and electron microscopy, preserving cellular structure by crosslinking proteins.

· Industrial Crosslinker: Used in the production of resins, plastics, adhesives, and to modify biomaterials and leather.

Origin

It is a synthetic organic compound. The commercial 50% solution is produced by dissolving glutaraldehyde in water, sometimes with stabilizers (e.g., up to 10% methanol) to prevent polymerization.

What does Glutaraldehyde do in a formulation?

• Antimicrobial Agent / Biocide: Primary function for disinfection and sterilization.
• Crosslinking Agent: Reacts with amine groups to create covalent bonds, hardening or insolubilizing materials like proteins and polymers.
• Fixative: Preserves biological structures for microscopic analysis

Safety Profile:

· Hazard Classification: Danger. Extremely hazardous; fatal if inhaled, toxic if swallowed, causes severe skin burns and eye damage, and can cause organ damage.

· Irritation & Sensitization: A severe skin, eye, and respiratory irritant. Can cause allergic skin reactions and asthma symptoms.

· Key Considerations:

  · NEVER use without proper PPE (gloves, eye protection, respiratory protection) and only in well-ventilated areas or fume hoods.

  · Environmental Hazard: Very toxic to aquatic life with long-lasting effects.

  · Storage: Store in a cool, dark place (<15°C is recommended), under inert gas, and tightly sealed.

Technical profile:

Property	Values
Appearance	Clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid
Odor	Sharp, pungent, characteristic odor
Active Content	Typically 48.0 - 52.0% w/w
pH	3.0 - 6.0
Density	Approximately 1.06 - 1.13 g/cm³
Boiling Point	>100 °C
Melting Point	-14°C to -6°C
Solubility	Completely miscible with water and alcohol
Storage Temperature	Room temperature (cool, dark place recommended). Some grades require refrigeration
Packaging	Available from 10 mL ampoules to 500 mL bottles

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chemical / INCI Name:

Commonly a blend listed as Methylchloroisothiazolinone and Methylisothiazolinone.

Primary CAS Numbers:

26172-55-4 (for Methylchloroisothiazolinone) / 2682-20-4 (for Methylisothiazolinone)

Common Product Names:

CIT/MIT, CMIT/MIT, MCI/MI. A well-known trade name is Kathon CG

· Molecular Formula:

Varies for each component. For example, Methylchloroisothiazolinone is C?H?ClNOS

Uses:

It is a powerful, broad-spectrum biocide and preservative used to prevent microbial growth (bacteria, fungi, algae) in water-based products. Its key benefit is effectiveness at very low concentrations .

 

· Cosmetics & Personal Care: Primarily in rinse-off products like shampoos, shower gels, and liquid hand soaps .

· Industrial & Household Products: Paints, coatings, adhesives, metalworking fluids, laundry detergents, fabric softeners, and cleaning products .

· Water Treatment: Used in cooling towers, pulp/paper processing, and air washer systems

Origin

It is a synthetic organic compound. The commercial 50% solution is produced by dissolving glutaraldehyde in water, sometimes with stabilizers (e.g., up to 10% methanol) to prevent polymerization.

What does CIT/MIT do in a formulation?

• In-Can Preservative: Prevents spoilage during the shelf life of water-based products.
• Broad-Spectrum Biocide: Effective against a wide range of bacteria, fungi, and algae

Safety Profile:

· Potent Skin Sensitizer: This is the major safety concern. Both components, especially Methylchloroisothiazolinone (CIT), are known to cause allergic contact dermatitis .

· Use Concentration Limits: Strictly regulated due to sensitization risk.

  · In the EU and US, the maximum allowed concentration in rinse-off cosmetics is typically 15 parts per million (ppm) of the active blend (at a 3:1 ratio of CIT:MIT) .

  · Lower limits or restrictions apply for leave-on products.

· Handling Hazard: The concentrated product is toxic, corrosive, and a severe skin/eye irritant. It requires full personal protective equipment (PPE) .

Technical profile:

Property	Values
Appearance	Pale yellow to yellow-green clear liquid
Active Content	14% minimum (common commercial grade)
Typical Ratio (CIT:MIT)	Between 2.5:1 to 4:1 by weight
pH Range	2.0 – 5.0 (for the concentrated product)
Density	1.26 - 1.33 g/cm³
Solubility	Miscible with water and lower alcohols
Recommended Use Level	Typically 0.02% - 0.3% of the final product formulation

 

 

 

 

 

 

Product Name:

Vitamin A (Retinol)

CAS Number:

68-26-8 (all-trans Retinol)

Chemical Family / INCI Name:

Retinoid. INCI: Retinol

EC Number:

200-412-2

Common Form:

Yellow to orange crystalline powder or viscous oil solution (when esterified for stability)

Uses:

Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin essential for numerous biological processes. It is widely used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and nutritional applications.

 

Primary Function and Applications:

 

· Primary Function: Cell growth regulator, vision support molecule, antioxidant, and skin conditioning agent

· Key Benefit: Essential for normal vision, immune function, cellular differentiation, and epithelial tissue maintenance

· Typical Applications:

  · Pharmaceutical: Treatment and prevention of Vitamin A deficiency, night blindness, and xerophthalmia

  · Cosmetic & Skincare: Anti-aging formulations to reduce fine lines, wrinkles, and improve skin texture

  · Nutritional Supplements: Fortification of foods, dietary supplements, and animal feed

  · Food Industry: Food additive for nutritional fortification (e.g., margarine, dairy products, cooking oils)

What does Vitamin A do in a formulation?

• Cell Regulation: As a ligand for retinoic acid receptors (RAR) and retinoid X receptors (RXR), it regulates gene expression controlling cell growth and differentiation
• Keratinization Control: Normalizes epidermal keratinization, reducing roughness and promoting smoother skin
• Collagen Synthesis: Stimulates fibroblast activity and collagen production, improving skin elasticity
• Visual Cycle Support: As retinal (aldehyde form), it combines with opsin to form rhodopsin, the visual pigment essential for low-light vision

 

Critical Safety & Handling Profile:

· Safety Note: Extremely sensitive to degradation. Retinol and its esters are rapidly destroyed by oxygen, light, heat, acids, and oxidizing agents

  · Hazard Classification: Toxic (T) - R61 (May cause harm to the unborn child)

· Storage Conditions: Store under inert gas (nitrogen or argon) in tight, light-protected containers at -20°C

· Shelf Life:

  · Powder form: Stable for 36 months at -20°C

  · In solution: Use within 1 month at -20°C; avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles

Technical profile:

Key Specifications & Physical Data (for all-trans Retinol):

Property	Values
Appearance	Yellow to orange crystalline powder
Molecular Formula	C20H30O
Molecular Weight	286.45 g/mol
Purity (Assay)	≥95% - ≥98% (by HPLC)
Melting Point	62 - 64 °C
Boiling Point	120 - 138 °C
Density	~0.95 g/cm³
Solubility	Soluble in DMSO (≥40-57 mg/mL), ethanol, chloroform, oils, and fats. Practically insoluble in water or glycerol
Absorbance Ratio (A325 corr./A325)	≥0.85 (pharmacopeial requirement)
Acid Value	≤2.0 mg KOH/g (for oil solutions)
Peroxide Value	Test Must pass (≤1.5 mL Na?S?O? for food grade)
Heavy Metals (as Pb)	≤20 ppm (pharma/food grade); ≤2 ppm (food additive)

 

Technical Considerations:

1. Chemical Forms: Vitamin A exists in multiple forms with different stability profiles:

   · Retinol (Alcohol form): Least stable, most biologically active

   · Retinyl Acetate: Ester form, more stable than retinol

   · Retinyl Palmitate: Most stable ester form, commonly used in commercial applications

   · Retinal/Retinoic Acid: Oxidized metabolites with specific biological functions

2. Stability Protocol: Due to extreme sensitivity to degradation:

   · Always handle under yellow light to prevent photodegradation

   · Use freshly prepared solutions

   · Incorporate antioxidants (e.g., BHT, vitamin E) in formulations

   · For oil solutions, storage at -20°C in sealed ampoules under inert gas is recommended

3. Activity Units: Biological activity can be expressed in multiple units:

   · 1 USP Unit = biological activity of 0.3 µg of all-trans retinol

   · Activity may also be expressed in IU (International Units) or RE (Retinol Equivalents)

4. Quality Control: Pharmacopeial standards (USP, EP, JP) require specific identification tests including:

   · Antimony trichloride test (transient blue color)

   · TLC identification with RF values: alcohol form ~0.1, acetate ~0.45, palmitate ~0.7

   · UV absorbance ratio requirements

5. Food Grade Specifications: For food additive applications, compliance with standards such as GB 14750-2010 is required, with assay limits of 97.0-103.0% of labeled vitamin A content .

 

 

 

CAS Number:

98-92-0

Chemical Name: 

3-Pyridinecarboxamide

INCI Name:

 Niacinamide

Molecular Formula:

C6H6N2O

Molecular Weight:

122.12 g/mol

EC Number (EINECS):

202-713-4

COSING REF No.:

35034 (Nicotinamide)

Uses:

Niacinamide is a highly versatile active ingredient with a broad spectrum of applications in skin and hair care .

 

Skin Care Applications:

 

· Anti-aging & Wrinkle Reduction: Minimizes the appearance of fine lines, wrinkles, and aging signs by boosting collagen and improving skin elasticity .

· Skin Brightening & Toning: Acts as a skin lightening agent by inhibiting melanosome transfer from melanocytes to keratinocytes, reducing hyperpigmentation, dark spots, and uneven skin tone .

· Acne & Blemish Control: Helps reduce the appearance of acne, blemishes, and congestion by balancing surface sebum production .

· Barrier Function Improvement: Reinforces the skin barrier by supporting key skin components (lipids), compensating for dry and rough areas, and preventing moisture evaporation .

· Anti-inflammatory & Redness Reduction: Suitable for sensitive skin, rosacea, and conditions involving discoloration and redness .

· Protection: Reduces ROS (reactive oxygen species) and carbonylated protein levels in response to blue light irradiation; protects from UV and environmental damage .

· Pore Refinement: Minimizes the appearance of enlarged pores and improves overall skin texture .

 

Hair Care Applications:

 

· Anti-hair Loss: Revitalizes hair, minimizes hair fall, and promotes hair growth .

· Overall Hair Appearance: Improves hair condition and vitality .

 

Origin:

Niacinamide is a semi-synthetic/animal/plant-derived ingredient . It is a very stable form of Vitamin B3 and a component of the essential coenzymes NAD and NADP, which play a central role in ATP production, DNA repair, and skin homeostasis .

 

Note: While the origin is listed as variable, cosmetic grades are typically produced synthetically to ensure purity and consistency.

What does NIACINAMIDE (VITAMIN B3) do in a formulation?

According to its INCI-defined functions and supplier data, its primary roles are:

• Skin Conditioning Agent / Smoothing Agent: Seeks to achieve an even skin surface by decreasing roughness or irregularities .
• Humectant: Helps maintain skin hydration levels .
• Antistatic Agent: Reduces electrostatic charges (e.g., of the hair) .
• Antioxidant: Provides protection against oxidative stress associated with intrinsic aging and photoaging .
• Lightening/Whitening Agent: Reduces pigmentation and evens skin complexion .

 

Safety Profile:

Niacinamide has a well-established safety profile for topical cosmetic use.

 

General Assessment & Regulatory Status:

 

· CIR Safety Conclusion: The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel published its final report on the safety assessment of Niacinamide and Niacin in 2005. The panel concluded that Niacinamide is safe for use in cosmetics under current practices of use and concentration .

· GRAS Status: Recognized as Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) .

· Compliance: Compliant with international cosmetic ingredient standards and appears on numerous retailer compliance lists, indicating it is not a restricted substance .

 

Use Concentration Guidelines:

 

· Maximum Historical Use (China): 3% for both leave-on and rinse-off products .

· CIR Assessment Range: Reported use concentrations in?? products range from 0.0001% to 3% .

· Formulation Range: Investigated for skin benefits at concentrations varying from 0.2% up to 20% , though 3-5% is a common standard for efficacy .

· Patent Mention: Cosmetic compositions comprising 1% to 15% Vitamin B3 compound have been disclosed .

 

Key Safety Consideration (Purity):

 

· Nicotinic Acid Residual: Nicotinic acid is an impurity that can cause vasodilation and skin redness (flushing). High-purity grades (e.g., with nicotinic acid content below 10-20 ppm) are preferred to ensure non-irritating formulations .

 

Note on Oral Supplementation Safety: Recent clinical reviews (2025) have examined high-dose chronic oral supplementation (1g/day) for skin cancer prevention, noting potential adverse effects related to metabolites in patients with specific risk factors. This data pertains to oral supplementation, not topical cosmetic use, and does not change the established safety profile of Niacinamide in topical cosmetic formulations at recommended concentrations .

Technical profile:

Property	Values
Appearance	White crystalline powder
Assay / Purity	99.0% - 101.0%
Melting Range	128.0 - 131.0 °C
pH (10% aqueous solution)	5.5 - 7.5
Solubility	Soluble in water
Loss on Drying	≤ 0.5%
Residue on Ignition	≤ 0.1%
Heavy Metals (as Pb)	≤ 20 ppm
Nicotinic Acid (Impurity)	≤ 20 ppm (high-purity grade)

 

Key Stability Characteristics:

· Stability: Niacinamide is described as a very stable vitamin . It has excellent stability across a wide pH range, making it easy to formulate.

· Compatibility: It works synergistically with other ingredients (e.g., lauroyl lysine) and helps strengthen the skin barrier, making other actives easier to tolerate .

Summary:

Niacinamide (Vitamin B3) is a scientifically validated, multifunctional active ingredient essential for modern skincare and haircare formulations. Its key strengths are its unparalleled versatility—addressing aging, pigmentation, acne, barrier repair, and protection—combined with an excellent safety profile validated by CIR at concentrations up to 3%. It is a stable, water-soluble crystalline powder that delivers broad-spectrum efficacy from a single molecule, making it a cornerstone ingredient in cosmetic science.

 

 

 

 

INCI:

 Alpha Arbutin

CAS No.:

 84380-01-8

SPECIFICATION:

STORAGE:

Packed in paper-drums; Store in a well-closed container away from moisture.

 

CAS Number:

16485-10-2

Product Name:

DL-Panthenol (Racemic Panthenol, Pantothenol)

Chemical Family / INCI Name:

Provitamin of B5 (Pantothenic Acid). INCI: Panthenol

EC Number:

240-540-6

Common Form:

Highly viscous, colorless liquid or white crystalline powder.

Uses:

DL-Panthenol is a racemic mixture of D- and L-isomers of panthenol. Only the D-isomer (Dexpanthenol) is biologically active and converts to Vitamin B5 in the body; the L-isomer provides physical moisturizing effects.

 

Primary Function and Applications:

 

· Primary Function: Humectant (moisturizer), skin/hair conditioner, soothing agent, and pro-vitamin.

· Key Benefit: Attracts and binds moisture to the skin and hair, improves elasticity, and supports skin barrier function and repair.

· Typical Applications:

  · Cosmetic & Skincare: Key ingredient in moisturizers, lotions, creams, serums, and aftersun products for hydration, soothing, and improving skin texture.

  · Hair Care: Used in shampoos, conditioners, and treatments to strengthen hair, improve shine, reduce breakage, and enhance combability.

  · Topical Pharmaceuticals: Found in ointments and lotions to support wound healing and relieve minor skin irritations.

What DL-Panthenol do in a formulation?

• Humectant & Moisturizer: Penetrates the skin and hair, attracting and retaining water to provide deep hydration.
• Conditioner & Protector: Forms a smooth, flexible layer on hair and skin, improving texture, elasticity, and protection against environmental stress.
• Soothing & Repair Aid: Exhibits anti-inflammatory properties, helps calm irritated skin, and supports the skin's natural regeneration processes.

 

Safety Profile:

· Safety Note: Generally very well-tolerated. In rare cases, it may cause skin irritation or contact allergies.

· GHS Hazard Classification: Typically Warning (GHS07). Hazard statements may include: H315 (Causes skin irritation), H319 (Causes serious eye irritation), H335 (May cause respiratory irritation).

· Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers. Protect from light and moisture. It is hygroscopic (absorbs moisture from air).

· Shelf Life: Up to 36 months when stored properly under recommended conditions.

Technical profile:

Property	Values
Appearance	Viscous clear liquid or white to off-white powder
Odor	Odorless
pH (aqueous solution)	8.0 - 9.5 (for liquid form)
Melting Point	66 - 69 °C
Density	~1.2 g/mL (liquid at 20°C)
Solubility	Freely soluble in water and alcohol
Typical Purity	>98.0% to 99%

 

 

 

 

 

\CAS Number:

31566-31-1 (for Glyceryl Stearate), 9004-99-3 (for PEG-100 Stearate)

Chemical Name: 

Glyceryl Stearate (and) PEG-100 Stearate. Also known as Glyceryl Monostearate & PEG-100 Stearate

Common Trade Names:

 HallStar® GMS SE/AS, Lexemul® 561 MB, RHEODOL MS-165V, Humulzy 422, Emulsifier 170

Molecular Formula:

omplex mixture. Typically composed of 48-52% Glyceryl Stearate and 48-52% PEG-100 Stearate (approximately 50/50 blend)

Molecular Weight:

Varies by composition

EC Number:

250-705-4 (for the mixture)

Common Form:

White solid waxy flakes, powder, or pellets

Uses:

This blend is a versatile non-ionic emulsifier combining Glyceryl Stearate (a natural emulsifier) with PEG-100 Stearate (a synthetic polyethylene glycol-derived emulsifier). It is widely used in cosmetics, personal care, and pharmaceutical formulations .

 

Primary Applications :

 

· Skin Creams & Lotions (O/W): The largest application. Used in moisturizing creams, foundation creams, sunscreens, hand and foot creams, face and body care products, and after-shave lotions .

· Hair Care Products: Used in hair conditioners, shampoos, hair creams, and depilatory products .

· Color Cosmetics: Incorporated into foundation creams, mascara, and eye liner formulations .

· Antiperspirants & Deodorants: Used in personal care products as a stabilizer and emulsifier .

· Cleansing Products: Used in facial washes and body cleansers .

· Men's Care Products: Used in shaving and beard care formulations .

What does Glyceryl Stearate (and) PEG-100 do in a formulation?

• Self-Emulsifying O/W Emulsifier: Primary function. Reduces interfacial tension between oil and water to form stable, homogeneous oil-in-water emulsions without the need for additional emulsifiers. HLB value ~ 11.
• Emulsion Stabilizer: Stabilizes emulsions and prevents component separation over time, with high stability in the presence of electrolytes.
• Thickener & Viscosity Modifier: Increases the viscosity of creams and lotions, giving them a rich consistency; viscosity can be adjusted by adding additional thickeners.
• Emollient: Forms a protective layer on skin and hair, helping to retain moisture and prevent transepidermal water loss.
• Skin Penetration Enhancer: Due to its PEG-100 Stearate content, it helps improve the penetration of active ingredients through the skin.
• Chemical Resistance: Exhibits high stability over a wide pH range (pH 4.5 - 9) and resistance to high concentrations of salts and electrolytes.

Safety Profile:

· Hazard Classification: Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) for use in cosmetics. PEG compounds of various molecular weights (PEG-6, PEG-40, PEG-100) have been repeatedly evaluated and considered relatively safe for use in cosmetics .

· Skin/Eye Contact: Safe for use on skin and poses no risk to human health. Has a long history of safe use with no impact on reproductive health .

· Inhalation: Powder dust may irritate the respiratory tract. Avoid dust inhalation during manufacturing .

· Ingestion: Recognized as safe for use in food additives by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) .

· Allergies: A very small percentage of the population may be sensitive to PEG compounds, especially upon ingestion, and may develop skin sensitivity .

· Genotoxicity: PEG-100 has been classified by XCellR8 laboratory as low risk regarding genotoxicity (ability to damage cellular genetic material) .

· Usage Warnings: It is recommended to avoid using PEG-containing products on open wounds or damaged skin such as the diaper area .

· Environmental Impact: PEG compounds are biodegradable and do not appear on the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) list of known or potential microplastics .

· Required PPE: Safety glasses and dust mask when handling raw material in manufacturing or laboratory settings .

· Storage and Handling Note: Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and moisture. Shelf life: 2 years .

Technical profile:

Property	Values
Appearance	White solid waxy flakes, powder, or pellets
Typical Composition	48-52% Glyceryl Stearate / 48-52% PEG-100 Stearate
HLB Value	~11
Melting Point	50-60°C
Acid Value	< 2.0 mg KOH/g
Saponification Value	85 - 103 mg KOH/g
Iodine Value	< 2 g I2/100g
Gardner Color	< 2
Solubility	Soluble in isopropyl alcohol, glycerin, mineral oils, vegetable oils. Disperses in water (not fully soluble)
Typical Usage Levels	1% - 25% depending on application .   · 1-5%: As an opacifier in cleansing systems .   · 5%: For liquid lotions .   · 10%: For medium lotions .   · 15%: For thick lotions .   · 20%: For liquid creams .   · 25%: For thick creams .
pH Stability Range	4.5 - 9
Resistance	High stability in the presence of electrolytes and over a wide pH range

 

Certifications & Compliance:

Approved for use in Canada and the USA, listed in the China IECIC .

 

Physical properties:

General Information Modified non-ionic self-emulsifying glycerol monostearate . Used independently of or with other emulsifiers. Suitable for making various kinds of cosmetic emulsion.; Compatible with electrolytes and active matters. Plant-based Storage & Handling

 

Standard Packing: 25kg/drum

 

Storage: Keep in cool, Dry, Ventilated and Lightless Place.

 

 

CAS Number:

66170-10-3

Chemical Name: 

Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate. Also known as L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate trisodium salt

Molecular Formula:

C6H6Na3O9P

Molecular Weight:

322.05 g/mol

Common Form:

White to off-white crystalline powder

EC Number:

425-180-1

Uses:

Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate is a stable, water-soluble derivative of Vitamin C widely used in cosmetic and personal care formulations for its antioxidant and skin-benefiting properties .

 

Primary Applications:

 

· Skin Brightening & Anti-Pigmentation: Effectively inhibits melanin synthesis, helping to reduce hyperpigmentation, age spots, and promote an even skin tone .

· Anti-Aging Formulations: Stimulates collagen production, improving skin elasticity and reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles .

· Antioxidant Protection: Neutralizes free radicals and protects skin from environmental damage such as UV radiation and pollution .

· Acne Treatment: Helps inhibit the growth of acne-causing bacteria (Propionibacterium acnes), making it valuable for anti-acne formulations .

· Daily Skincare: Commonly found in serums, creams, lotions, and moisturizers targeting anti-aging, brightening, and skin repair benefits .

· Cell Culture & Research: Used as a supplement in cell culture media for stem cell and osteoblast differentiation studies .

What does Sodium Ascorbyl Phosphate do in a formulation?

• Stabilized Vitamin C Source: Upon application, skin enzymes convert it into bioactive L-ascorbic acid, providing Vitamin C benefits without stability concerns.
• Antioxidant Agent: Donates electrons to neutralize reactive oxygen species, preventing oxidative stress and skin damage.
• Tyrosinase Inhibitor: Suppresses melanin production by inhibiting tyrosinase activity, leading to skin lightening effects.
• Collagen Synthesis Promoter: Enhances fibroblast activity to stimulate collagen production, improving skin firmness.
• UV Protection Synergist: Works synergistically with sunscreen agents to improve overall UV protection efficacy.
• pH Stabilizer: Maintains optimal efficacy at pH levels between 5.0 and 7.0

 

Safety Profile:

· Hazard Classification: Generally recognized as safe. Does not meet GHS hazard criteria according to 116 company reports . Not classified as hazardous .

· Skin Tolerance: Gentle and suitable for sensitive skin. Less likely to cause irritation compared to L-ascorbic acid .

· Comedogenicity: Non-comedogenic - does not clog pores, making it suitable for acne-prone skin .

· Potential Side Effects: Some individuals with extremely sensitive skin may experience mild irritation, redness, or itching, though reactions are rare .

· Stability Considerations: Sensitive to moisture, heat, low pH values (<5), and heavy metals . Stable at pH 5-9 and temperatures up to 40°C .

· Storage Requirements: Store in original container, protected from light and moisture, below 25°C . For long-term storage, keep at 0-4°C for short term or -20°C for long term .

· Required PPE: Basic dust protection (safety glasses, dust mask) when handling raw powder. No special requirements for formulated products.

· Shelf Life: 24 months  to 1 year  when stored properly.

Technical profile:

Property	Values
Appearance	White to off-white powder
Purity	≥ 95% - 99% (HPLC)
Solubility	Highly soluble in water (up to 64% at 20°C) . Soluble in glycerol (13.2%) and propylene glycol (1.6%) . Insoluble in ethanol and oils
pH (1% solution)	5.0 - 7.0 . 30g/L solution: 9.0-9.5
Melting Point	260°C
Viscosity	Low
Odor	Odorless
Usage Levels	Daily skincare: 0.2-2%; Lightening products: >3%; Whiteners: 2-5%
Stability	Optimal stability at pH ≥6.5 . Stable in cosmetic formulations at pH 5-9 and temperatures up to 40°C
Heavy Metal Content	Meets cosmetic grade specifications

 

 

 

 

 

INCI:

DL-alpha Tocopheryl Acetate

DESCRIPTION:

DL-alpha Tocopheryl Acetate is acetic acid ester of all-racemic (dl) alpha-Tocopherol, belonging to the group of oil-soluble vitamins. It is a kind of clear, slightly greenish-yellow viscous oil, nearly odorless, used as antioxidant.

PRODUCT IDENTIFICATION:

Synonym: all-rac alpha Tocopheryl-Acetate, synthetical Vitamin E Acetate Chemical Name: DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetate

INCI name: Tocopheryl Acetate CAS No.: 7695-91-2

EINECS No.: 231-710-0

Chemical structure:

SPECIFICATION:

STORAGE:

The product may be stored for 24 months from the date of manufacture in the unopened original container. Keep container tightly closed under cool and light proof conditions. Once opened, use contents quickly.

APPLICATION:

FM-VE Acetate can be used for fortification of margarine, oil and fat, nutrition products and baby food, also used in soft capsules.

 

CAS Number:

9007-34-5 (for Collagen). 92113-31-0 (for Hydrolyzed Collagen)

Product Name:

Collagen (typically as Hydrolyzed Collagen or Collagen Peptides)

Chemical Family / INCI Name:

Structural Protein. INCI: Hydrolyzed Collagen

EC Number:

232-697-4

Common Form:

Fine white to off-white powder, virtually odorless. Also available in liquid or granular forms.

Uses:

Collagen is the most abundant structural protein in mammals, providing strength and elasticity to skin, bones, tendons, and ligaments. Industrially, it is hydrolyzed into smaller peptides for enhanced solubility and bioavailability.

 

Primary Function and Applications:

 

· Primary Function: Skin conditioning agent, humectant, film-forming agent, and dietary supplement for joint and skin health.

· Key Benefit: Supports the skin's structural integrity, attracts moisture, and improves the appearance of elasticity. As a supplement, it provides amino acids for the body's own collagen synthesis.

· Typical Applications:

  · Cosmetic & Skincare: Key ingredient in anti-aging creams, serums, masks, and lotions to improve skin hydration, firmness, and reduce the appearance of wrinkles.

  · Nutraceuticals & Food: Sold as a dietary supplement in powder or capsule form to support skin, hair, nail, and joint health. Also used as a functional food ingredient (e.g., in protein drinks).

  · Hair Care: Found in shampoos and conditioners to strengthen hair and improve texture.

What Collagen do in a formulation?

• Humectant & Moisturizer: Binds water to the skin's surface, providing immediate and lasting hydration.
• Film-Former: Creates a smooth, invisible film on skin or hair that improves feel, reduces transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and acts as a protective barrier.
• Skin Conditioner: The amino acids in collagen peptides are building blocks that can support the skin's natural repair processes and dermal structure.

Safety Profile:

· Safety Note: Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) for consumption and non-toxic for topical use. Derived from animal sources (bovine, porcine, marine, poultry), so origin and allergen information (e.g., fish) must be declared.

· Storage Conditions: Store in a cool, dry place in tightly sealed containers. Protect from moisture and strong odors, as the powder can absorb them.

· Shelf Life: Typically 24 to 36 months for powder when stored properly.

Technical profile:

Property	Values
Appearance	White to light yellow powder
Odor	Characteristic, faint. Should not be offensive
Protein Content (Dry Basis)	≥90.0%
Ash Content	≤2.0%
Moisture Content	≤8.0%
pH (1% Solution)	5.5 - 7.0
Solubility	Fully soluble in hot or cold water; clear to slightly opalescent solution
Particle Size	80 - 100 mesh typical

 

 

 

 

 

CAS Number:

38083-17-9

Chemical Name: 

Climbazole. Also known as 1-(4-chlorophenoxy)-1-(imidazol-1-yl)-3,3-dimethylbutan-2-one Molecular Formula:

C15H17ClN2O2

Molecular Weight:

292.76 g/mol

Common Form:

White to off-white or pale yellow crystalline powder

EC Number:

253-775-4

Uses:

Climbazole is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent primarily used in personal care products and topical treatments. Its chemical structure and properties are similar to other azole fungicides such as ketoconazole, clotrimazole, and miconazole .

 

Primary Applications:

 

· Anti-Dandruff & Scalp Treatments: The most common application. Highly effective against Malassezia spp. (formerly Pityrosporum ovale), the fungus that plays a key role in the pathogenesis of dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis . Used in shampoos, conditioners, and scalp tonics.

· Cosmetic Preservative: Acts as a preservative in personal care products to prevent microbial growth and ensure formulation stability .

· Topical Antifungal Treatments: Used to treat human fungal skin infections such as eczema and dermatophytosis .

· Veterinary Medicine: Employed in pet care products to manage fungal infections in animals .

· Industrial Applications: Used in coatings and plastics to provide protection against fungal contamination, enhancing product durability in humid environments .

What does Climbazole do in a formulation?

• Antifungal Agent: Kills and stops the growth of fungi by inhibiting sterol demethylation (ergosterol biosynthesis inhibitor), thereby destroying the fungal cell membrane .
• Preservative: Prevents microbial contamination and extends the shelf life of cosmetic and personal care products .
• Biofilm Disruptor: Inhibits fungal biofilm formation, enhancing its efficacy against persistent fungal infections.
• Keratinocyte Modulator: Increases expression of cornified envelope proteins in primary keratinocytes, contributing to improved skin barrier function .

 

Safety Profile:

· Hazard Classification: Harmful if swallowed (H302) . Causes skin irritation and serious eye irritation . Not classified as flammable in pure form .

· Skin/Eye Contact: Irritating to skin and eyes. Causes severe eye irritation. In case of contact, flush immediately with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes .

· Inhalation: Harmful if inhaled. May cause respiratory tract irritation. Remove to fresh air .

· Ingestion: Harmful if swallowed. Do not induce vomiting; seek medical attention .

· Environmental Impact: Moderately toxic to fish and honeybees. Can be persistent in soil systems, especially in biosolid-amended soils . Potential environmental contaminant .

· Required PPE: Safety goggles, chemical-resistant gloves, dust mask (N95). Use in well-ventilated areas .

· Storage Conditions: Store at +2 to +8 °C (refrigerated) . Protect from light and moisture. Keep container tightly closed .

· Shelf Life: 24 months when stored properly under recommended conditions.

Technical profile:

Property	Values
Appearance	White to off-white or pale yellow crystalline powder
Purity	≥ 98% (HPLC, titration)
Melting Point	95.5 - 100 °C (range across sources)
Boiling Point	260 °C  to 412 °C  (decomposes before boiling at atmospheric pressure)
Density	1.17 - 1.32 g/cm³
Solubility in Water	Low solubility - 8.28 mg/L at 20°C
Solubility in Organics	Miscible in isopropanol and cyclohexane; 550 mg/L in benzyl alcohol
Log P (Octanol-Water Partition Coefficient)	3.76  to 3.7  - High lipophilicity
pKa	7.5 at 25°C
Flash Point	100 °C  to 224.4 °C
XLogP3-AA	3.7
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count	0
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count	3
Rotatable Bond Count	5
Topological Polar Surface Area	44.1 Ų
FRAC Mode of Action Class	3 (Sterol Demethylation Inhibitor)
Common Commercial Names	Crinipan AD, Baypival, Baysan

 

 

 

 

 

CAS Number:

68439-49-6

Chemical Name: 

Ceteareth-20. Also known as Polyoxyethylene Cetyl/Stearyl ether, Alcohols C16-18, Ethoxylated

Molecular Formula:

Complex mixture, derived from ethoxylated cetyl and stearyl alcohols

Molecular Weight:

~ 2000 g/mol

EC Number:

 500-212-8

Common Form:

White to off-white waxy flakes or pellets, odorless or with a faint characteristic odor

Uses:

Ceteareth-20 is a versatile non-ionic emulsifier derived from natural (vegetable) fatty alcohols and synthetic ethylene oxide . It is widely used in cosmetics, personal care, and pharmaceutical formulations for its excellent ability to form stable oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions .

 

Primary Applications:

 

· Cosmetics & Personal Care: The largest application. Used in creams (moisturizers, sunscreens, foundations, after-sun, antiperspirants), lotions, face and body care, hair care (shampoos, conditioners, masks), and baby care products .

· Pharmaceuticals: Used as an excipient in pharmaceutical formulations, particularly in topical, oral, and injectable preparations, functioning as a solubilizer and stabilizer to improve drug bioavailability .

· Industrial & Household Detergents: Used as a surfactant in detergent formulations, and as a cleaning, scouring, wetting, and dispersing agent in textile formulations .

· Cleansers & Makeup Removers: Helps remove dirt and makeup due to its cleansing properties .

What does Ceteareth-20   do in a formulation?

• O/W Emulsifier: Primary function. With a high HLB value (15-17), it reduces interfacial tension between oil and water to form stable, homogeneous oil-in-water emulsions.
• Emulsion & Dispersion Stabilizer: Acts as an effective protective colloid, stabilizing dispersed systems and preventing component separation.
• Solubilizer: Helps dissolve poorly water-soluble substances (e.g., essential oils, plant extracts, fragrances) into aqueous solutions.
• Thickener & Rheology Modifier: Improves product consistency and increases viscosity.
• Dispersant: Ensures uniform distribution of active ingredients in spray formulations such as antiseptic sprays.
• Skin Penetration Enhancer: Due to its PEG-derived structure, it may enhance the permeability of active ingredients through the skin.
• Cleaning Agent: Removes impurities and dirt from skin and hair
• Foam Booster: Improves and stabilizes foam quality when used with anionic surfactants .

Safety Profile:

· Hazard Classification: Considered safe for use in cosmetics according to global organizations, with no restrictions on its use . Not classified as hazardous under GHS in normal uses .

· Skin/Eye Contact: May cause mild irritation at very high concentrations . At typical use levels, it is considered non-irritating, non-comedogenic, and suitable for acne-prone skin .

· Inhalation: Powder dust may irritate the respiratory tract. Avoid dust inhalation during manufacturing.

· Ingestion: Safe at typical use levels, with very low toxicity.

· Contamination Concerns: Classified as an ingredient of concern due to potential contamination with toxic impurities such as ethylene oxide and 1,4-dioxane during manufacturing. High-quality products adhere to strict limits for these impurities (<1 ppm and <5 ppm respectively) .

· Environmental Impact: Environmental regulations closely scrutinize PEG derivatives for biodegradability and impurity removal .

· Required PPE: Safety glasses and dust mask when handling raw material in manufacturing or laboratory settings. Chemical-resistant gloves recommended. No special requirements for end consumers .

· Storage and Handling Note: Store in a cool, dry place (room temperature) away from moisture and direct sunlight. Keep container tightly closed. Avoid high temperatures and incompatible materials .

Technical profile:

Property	Values
Appearance	White to off-white waxy flakes or pellets
Odor	Odorless or faint characteristic odor
HLB Value	15-17 (strong O/W emulsifier)
Melting Point	~38-50°C
Flash Point	> 100°C
Initial Boiling Point	≥ 100°C
Relative Density	~1.02 g/cm³ (at 70°C)
Vapor Density	≤ 1
Vapor Pressure	0.001 mmHg
Solubility	Soluble in water and alcohol, forming a colloidal solution. Miscible with mineral, vegetable oils, and fats . Susceptible to hydrolysis in acidic media
pH (5% aqueous solution)	6.5 - 7.5 (neutral)
Cloud Point	74-76°C (in 1% and 10% NaCl), or 89-93°C
Hydroxyl Value	44-54 mg KOH/g
Acid Value	≤ 1 mg KOH/g
Moisture Content	≤ 1%
Residual Ethylene Oxide	≤ 1 ppm
Residual 1,4-Dioxane	≤ 5 ppm
APHA Color	≤ 80
Typical Usage Level	0.1% - 5% (for emulsions), up to 20% in hair products. Depends on the desired application
Certifications & Compliance	Complies with European Pharmacopoeia . Available in GMO-free, not tested on animals, Sephora Clean certified, EU Ecolabel, and Nordic Swan Ecolabel grades .